A Follow-up Study of Children with Instability of the Hip Joint at Birth: Clinical and Radiological Investigations with Special Reference to the Anteversion of the Femoral Neck

Regression of femoral anteversion: A prospective study of intoeing children

“…There wasamodestcorrelation between AV and internal rotation, whereas the correlation between AV and external rotation was somewhat better. This accords with Staheli et al (1968), Cyvin (1977), and ReikerAs and Bjerkreim (1982). Therefore, caution should be taken in assessing the degree of femoral anteversion clinically, and external rotation seems to be a better predictive factor than internal rotation.…”

Determination and Significance of Femoral Neck Anteversion

“…Moreover, asymmetries in hip joint rotation also have been associated with low back and regional pain in the sacroiliac joint. 43,51 Because the difference between medial and lateral rotation of the hip are related to the FNA angle, I believe that physical therapy interventions aimed at restoring symmetry in hip motion is a reasonable approach in trying to manage hip problems. Differences greater than 16 degrees between the left and right sides for a specific movement or differences of more than 30 degrees between hip medial and lateral rotation on one side may help physical therapists identify patients who may develop future hip or lower-extremity problems associated with in-toeing or out-toeing.…”

“…An increased or a decreased FNA angle has been linked to many different lowerextremity problems, including osteoarthritis of the hip, coxa plana, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, congenital hip dysplasia, acetabular labral tears, and in-toeing and out-toeing of the lower extremities. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8]14,23,25,28,29,31,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Identifying when an increased or decreased FNA angle is present may help physical therapists recognize patients who may be at risk for developing hip or other problems associated with in-toeing or out-toeing. Moreover, asymmetries in hip joint rotation also have been associated with low back and regional pain in the sacroiliac joint.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]9 Excessive in-toeing or out-toeing has been shown to be related to many different compensatory problems of the lower extremities, including tibial torsion, genu valgum, genu valgus, pes planus, pes equinus, and metatarsus varus. [1][2][3][4][5][6]8,23 Many other studies 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8]14,23,25,28,29,31,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] have shown the relationship between an increased or decreased FNA angle and other orthopedic problems of the lower extremity.…”

Torsional Deformities after Fractures of the Femoral Shaft in Childhood

“…The AV-and CCD-angles can be calculated from their respective projections by means of two goniometrical formulae. Most of the publications on this subject however contain confusing mistakes in these formulae (Cyvin 1977, Gross arid Haike 1970, Morscher 1976, Rippstein 1955, Tjong Tjin Tai 1974. Apparently the formulae themselves have not been much used.…”