Determination and Significance of Femoral Neck Anteversion

Cibulka, Michael T.

doi:10.1093/ptj/84.6.550

Cited by 84 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Femoral torsion is a biomechanically relevant feature of the human skeleton that can aid bioarchaeologists in reconstructing activities, congenital disorders, and disease in past populations. Non-pathological femoral torsion outside the range of normal variation is primarily associated with behavioral activities in which the thighs are laterally or medially rotated for extended periods of time (Crane, 1959;Alvik, 1962;Staheli, 1980;Cibulka, 2004). Therefore the examination of femoral torsion has implications for understanding human skeletal variation, cultural or behavioral shifts through time within a population, and behavioral variation between populations.…”

Section: Variation In Torsion Among the Arikaramentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In addition to muscular imbalances, femoral torsion is likely caused by unequal compressive forces across the growth plate due to postural behaviors (Crane, 1959;Alvik, 1962;Staheli, 1980;Cibulka, 2004). High angles of femoral torsion are often linked with postural behaviors where the thigh is habitually rotated medially, while low angles are associated with lateral rotation of the thigh.…”

Section: Causes Of Population Variation In Femoral Torsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anteversion and retroversion indicates an increase or decrease, respectively, of the angle of the femoral neck relative to the transcondylar plane. Positive values indicate anteversion while retroversion is associated with negative values, although numerous authors incorrectly refer to retroversion as any angle below the normal range (Ruby et al, 1979;Gulan et al, 2000;Cibulka, 2004). Diaphyseal version/torsion, along with neck-shaft angle, bicondylar angle, and torsion of the femoral neck, align the lower limb under the body to reduce stressrelated strains by optimizing lever arm lengths and decreasing the bending moments at the hip during bipedal locomotion (Brien et al, 1995;Duda et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The femoral anteversion angle changes with age during growth but is mostly stable during adulthood (Decker et al, 2013). Femoral anteversion is apparent by the seventh week of gestation and increases during fetal development, possibly due to in-utero hyperflexion of the lower limbs, and reaches 30-40 by birth (Upadhyay et al, 1990;Delp et al, 1994;Gulan et al, 2000;Cibulka, 2004;Tardieu, 2010;Bonneau et al, 2011). During postnatal growth, detorsion, or a decrease in the angle, occurs until the angle reaches adult values of between 8 and 14 during adolescence (Gulan et al, 2000;Fabeck et al, 2002;Tardieu, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal trends in femoral diaphyseal torsional asymmetry among the Arikara associated with postural behavior

Wescott

Cunningham

Hunt

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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Average femoral torsion has been reported to differ among populations, and several studies have observed a relatively high prevalence of femoral anteversion asymmetry in Native Americans, especially females. This study investigates sexual dimorphism and temporal trends in femoral torsional asymmetry among the Arikara from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. To establish if there are population differences, femoral torsion was first measured using a direct method on a diverse comparative sample of Native Americans from the Southwest, Midwest, and Great Plains as well as American Whites and Blacks. To examine temporal trends among the Arikara, femoral torsion was examined using the orientation of the maximum bending rigidity at subtrochanteric in 154 females and 164 males from three temporal variants of the Arikara Coalescent tradition. There is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional directional and absolute asymmetry among most Native American samples, but not among American Whites and Blacks. Among the Arikara there is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional asymmetry in all three temporal variants, and asymmetry in femoral torsional asymmetry increased significantly from the protohistoric to the early historic period among females. The increased femoral torsional asymmetry is likely associated with a common side-sitting posture observed in historic photographs of Great Plains females. Historic Arikara females may have habitually sat in this compulsory position for extended periods while conducting domestic chores. The dramatic change from the protohistoric to historic period suggests a cultural change in sitting posture among females that was widespread across the Northern Plains.

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Section: Variation In Torsion Among the Arikaramentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Causes Of Population Variation In Femoral Torsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal trends in femoral diaphyseal torsional asymmetry among the Arikara associated with postural behavior

Wescott

Cunningham

Hunt

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The femoral neck anteversion characterizing the bone used in this study is within the standard anatomical range reported for female patients. 21 Similarly, the neck-shaft angle can be considered to be normal. 22 The head diameter falls in the middle of the range of head diameters reported by Asala et al 23 The average BMD of the femoral head (107 mg/cm 3 , quantitative CT density) is slightly greater than the mean (182 mg/cm 3 ) minus two standard deviations (SD equal to 45 mg/cm 3 ) obtained from the hip fracture group in the study by Bousson et al 15 The average elastic modulus of the head, obtained by converting the average BMD using the density-elasticity relationship, is within the range of values reported by Sun et al 24 Our average modulus might be slightly greater than the values published there because we included, as did Bousson et al, the cortical shell in the averaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of lag screw position for the stabilization of trochanteric fractures with a sliding hip screw: A subject‐specific finite element study

Goffin

Pankaj

Simpson

2012

Journal Orthopaedic Research

111

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Using finite element analysis, we compared the biomechanical performance of a CT scan-based three-part trochanteric fracture model (31-A2 in the AO classification) stabilized with a sliding hip screw for nine different positions of the lag screw (3 Â 3 arrangement, from anterior to posterior and from inferior to superior). Our results showed that the volume of bone susceptible to yielding in the head and neck region is the lowest for inferior positions and increases as the lag screw is moved superiorly. Overall, for this specific subject, the models less likely to lead to cut-out are the ones corresponding to inferior middle and inferior posterior positions of the lag screw. In our study, the tip-apex distance (TAD) was anti-correlated with the risk of cut-out, as quantified by the volume of bone susceptible to yielding, which suggests that a TAD >25 mm cannot be considered to be an accurate predictor of lag screw cut-out. Further clinical studies investigating lag screw cut-out should attempt to find more reliable predictors of cut-out that should better reflect the biomechanics and subject-specificity of the femoral head. ß

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Tibial torsion and pressures in the feet during walking: Implications for patterns of metatarsal robusticity

Wollmann

Marshall

Schrank

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The Dmanisi Homo fossils include a tibia with a low degree of torsion and metatarsals with a pattern of robusticity differing from modern humans. It has been proposed that low tibial torsion would cause a low foot progression angle (FPA) in walking, and consequently increased force applied to the medial rays. This could explain the more robust MT III and IV from Dmanisi. Here we experimentally tested these hypothesized biomechanical relationships in living human subjects. Materials and Methods:We measured transmalleolar axis (TMA, a proxy for tibial torsion), FPA, and plantar pressure distributions during walking in young men (n = 40). TMA was measured externally using a newly developed method. A pressure mat recorded FPA and pressure under the metatarsal heads (MT I vs. MT II-IV vs. MT V).Results: TMA is positively correlated with FPA, but only in the right foot. Plantar pressure under MT II-IV does increase with lower TMA, as predicted, but FPA does not affect pressure. Body mass index also influenced plantar pressure distribution.Discussion: Lower tibial torsion in humans is associated with slightly increased pressures along the middle rays of the foot during walking, but not because of changes in FPA. Therefore, it is possible that the low degree of torsion in the Dmanisi Homo tibia is related to the unusual pattern of robusticity in the associated metatarsals, but the mechanism behind this relationship is unclear. Future work will explore TMA, FPA, and plantar pressures during running.

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Determination and Significance of Femoral Neck Anteversion

Cited by 84 publications

References 46 publications

Temporal trends in femoral diaphyseal torsional asymmetry among the Arikara associated with postural behavior

Temporal trends in femoral diaphyseal torsional asymmetry among the Arikara associated with postural behavior

The importance of lag screw position for the stabilization of trochanteric fractures with a sliding hip screw: A subject‐specific finite element study

Tibial torsion and pressures in the feet during walking: Implications for patterns of metatarsal robusticity

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