A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

Cai, Chuan; Gong, He; Li, Weiping; Gao, Feng; Jiang, Qiushi; Cheng, Zhiqiang; Han, Zhaolian; Li, Shijun

doi:10.1039/d0ra10803k

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The response versus strain curve of the ANFP sensor is shown in Figure S8b, Supporting Information, and the definition of strain is shown in Figure S8a, Supporting Information, and described in the Supporting Information. Compared with the NF-based pressure sensors in reported studies (Table 1), [32][33][34][35][36] the ANFP sensor exhibits a low detection limit and rapid response-recovery speed, which are important parameters of the pressure sensors in practical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

Lin

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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materials [11,12] and sensing performances of flexible pressure sensors, such as high sensitivity, [13,14] fast response speed, [15,16] and low detection limit. [17,18] However, for practical long-term wearable applications, the wearability of pressure sensors also needs to be considered.At present, flexible, elastic, and lightweight e-skins based on polymers, especially hydrogels, have been widely investigated, but their sweat volatility, oxygen permeability, and thermal diffusivity have often been ignored. As the largest organ of the body, the skin can respire, excrete sweat, and regulate body temperature. E-skins without air permeability will insulate oxygen and prevent moisture evaporation as well as heat dissipation, causing skin discomfort and even inflammation and itching during long-term wearing. [19][20][21] Therefore, some reported studies developed e-skins with textile structures to achieve flexibility and air permeability. Yang et al. introduced graphene into polyester fabric to fabricate a graphene textile strain sensor. [22] Fu et al. reported a high-performance textile structural strain sensor by coating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto a glass fabric/ silicone composite. [23] Cao et al. developed a wearable piezoresistive sensor based on cotton fiber coated by rGO and silver nanowire (Ag NW) via a simple hydrothermal method. [24] The use of commercial textiles in e-skins is beneficial to simplifying the fabrication process and realizing batch manufacturing.Since 2020, electrospinning techniques that can fabricate fabric with nanostructures flexibly, economically, and quickly have gained wide attention in the field of e-skins. [25] A nanofiber (NF) network can enhance the gas permeability and reduce the effective mass density of e-skin. Peng et al. developed all-NF triboelectric nanogenerators, which were fabricated by sandwiching Ag NW between polylactic-co-glycolic acid and polyvinyl alcohol, for real-time and self-powered physiological signal monitoring. [26] Someya et al. reported the design of an all-NF triboelectric mechanoacoustic sensor by sandwiching polyvinylidene fluoride film in two pieces of Au-coated polyurethane film for continuous long-term heart monitoring. [27] Triboelectric nanogenerators are an ideal device for the self-powered monitoring of periodic physiological signals or vibrations, such as pulses, heartbeats, respiration, and vocal cord vibrations. In Electronic skins (e-skins) are a promising design paradigm for health care systems and human-machine interactions. Piezoresistive sensors made with simple structures, high sensitivity, mass production methods, light weight, and comfort for long-term wearing and physiological signal monitoring remain a challenge and are urgently desirable. Here, a breathable and lightweight all-nanofiber piezoresistive (ANFP) sensor is presented, which is composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibers (NFs). A specific interpenetrating network of conductive polyvinylpyrrolidone NFs coated by polypyrrole (PVP@PPy) and insulating polyacrylon...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

Lin

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…Therefore, 2D electro-spun carbon mats have a relatively low sensitivity and measuring range. Although some other 3D structures have been assembled by straight electro-spun carbon nanofibers, they are loose and lack elasticity, and are prone to densification when a small pressure is applied, revealing a small measuring range and low response speed [ 32 , 38 ]. Herein, the 3D buckling structure endowed the carbon nanofiber material with not only a large contact area, but also unprecedented mechanical properties compared with other 3D porous carbon material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( j ) Response time and recovery time of 3D BCNF sensor [ 12 , 19 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 31 , 37 , 38 ]. ( k ) Comparison of the response time and recovery time of our pressure sensor with existing pure 3D carbon-based piezoresistive sensors [ 4 , 11 , 12 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 52 ]. ( l ) Comparison of the sensitivity of our pressure sensor with existing carbon-based piezoresistive sensors.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these conventional carbonized materials are brittle and have a lack of ductility or yielding, which would lead to large plastic deformation when being bent or under high-compression strain. Moreover, these materials commonly suffer from a poor piezoresistive effect due to the uniform high conductivity without a large resistance change per unit pressure [ 19 , 20 , 32 ]. Particularly, due to the outstanding flexibility derived from the one-dimensional longitudinal characteristic, electro-spun carbon nanofibers (CNF) are being extensively investigated as one of the alternatives in fabricating a flexible 3D structure [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Han et al has introduced an electrospinning strategy containing high ionic strength salt solutions to fabricate 3D carbon nanofiber networks, based on which a pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 1.41 kPa −1 can be achieved [ 38 ]. Cai et al proposed ferrosoferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4 )/carbon nanofibers fabricated by three-dimensional electrospinning and then further fabricated a pressure sensor with a working range of 0–4.9 kPa and a sensitivity of 0.545 kPa −1 [ 32 ]. However, these 3D electro-spun carbon nanofibers fabricated by electrostatic repulsion possess poor mechanical properties [ 38 ], since cotton-like 3D structures are loose resulting from the random accumulation of nanofibers [ 39 , 40 ], and the straight 1D nanostructures have mechanical compliance properties [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Sensitive Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on Super-Elastic 3D Buckling Carbon Nanofibers for Human Physiological Signals’ Monitoring

et al. 2022

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The three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanostructures/foams are commonly used as active materials for the high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors due to their superior properties. However, the intrinsic brittleness and poor sensing properties of monolithic carbon material still limits its application. Rational design of the microstructure is an attractive approach to achieve piezoresistive material with superior mechanical and sensing properties, simultaneously. Herein, we introduce novel three-dimensional buckling carbon nanofibers (3D BCNFs) that feature a unique serpentine-buckling microstructure. The obtained 3D BCNFs exhibit superior mechanical properties, including super-elasticity (recovery speed up to 950 mm s−1), excellent flexibility (multiple folds), high compressibility (compressed by 90%), and high fatigue resistance (10,000 bending cycles). The pressure sensor fabricated by the 3D BCNFs shows a high sensitivity of 714.4 kPa−1, a fast response time of 23 ms, and a broad measuring range of 120 kPa. The pressure sensor is further applied to monitor the physiological signals of humans, and is capable of detecting the characteristic pulse waves from the radial artery, fingertip artery, and human-breath, respectively.

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Multifunctional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal

Cheng

Tan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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wearable electronics and are classified into four categories according to their sensing mechanisms: piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric. [6][7][8][9] Compared to the other pressure sensors, the piezoresistive pressure sensor constructed from flexible substrates and conductive materials is considered the most promising for industrialization. [10] This benefit from the fact that the piezoresistive pressure sensor has the advantages of reliable sensing performance, low costs, less susceptibility to external environmental interference, and relatively low energy consumption. [11] Much progress has been made in previous research into the piezoresistive pressure sensor, and much of these works have been aimed at improving the sensitivity, sensing range, and stability of the sensor. [12] Particularly in the area of human movement and physiological monitoring, highly sensitive pressure sensors enable continuous monitoring of health states by acquiring the body's vital signals in real time, which is essential for future personalized medicine and diagnosis. [13] To enhance the sensitivity of pressure sensor, the introduction of superior conductive materials on flexible substrates with surface-built microstructures has proven to be an effective strategy. [14] This is because the construction of various microstructures or nanostructured geometries in flexible substrates can increase the degree of change in their contact resistance under pressure loading, thereby improving the sensitivity of pressure sensors. [15] Micro-pyramidal structures, micro-pillar structures, micro-hemispheric structures, micro-cone arrays, and hollow sphere microstructures have been published in previous research works, and these pressure sensors show high sensitivity. [16] Park et al. [17] have constructed micro-hemispheres, micro-pyramids, and micro-cylinders on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), and then deposited carbon nanotubes (CNT) to prepare compressible conductive CNT/PDMS films. The finite element theoretical model is used to analyze the contrast sensitivity, and it is found that the tunnel resistance can be greatly reduced due to the maximum change of contact area of the interlocking array based on micro-hemispherical structure under the same The introduction of superior conductive materials on flexible substrates with surface-built microstructures has proven to be an effective solution for enhancing the sensitivity of pressure sensor. Thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun membrane (TPUEM) with multi-void structure is used as substrate, and poly(styrene-methacrylic acid)@polypyrrole nanospheres (PPNs) are pumped into the TPUEM by vacuum filtration to form a microstructure on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun fibers. The MXene dispersion is sprayed on the surface of PPNs/TPUEM. As it is gradually infiltrated into the material, a conductive network is formed. When the MXene/PPNs/TPUEM is subjected to pressure, its resistance decreases significantly due to the close contact between MX...

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A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

Abstract: A three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofiber network was used to measure press strains with high sensitivity.

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

Highly Sensitive Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on Super-Elastic 3D Buckling Carbon Nanofibers for Human Physiological Signals’ Monitoring

Multifunctional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal

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A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

Abstract: A three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofiber network was used to measure press strains with high sensitivity.

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals

Highly Sensitive Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on Super-Elastic 3D Buckling Carbon Nanofibers for Human Physiological Signals’ Monitoring

Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Multifunctional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal