A Field Concept of the Black Hole

Obande, Ogaba Philip

doi:10.5539/apr.v10n4p66

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…We have been investigating the classical mass formula hϑ = mc 2 for some years and the effort has been turning up surprises consistently. In an attempt to simulate established relative atomic mass values, we found that reality comprises four physical states or phases composed of a waveform and three particulate matter forms one of which is our visible world; it shares same spacetime with two invisible condensed matter worlds, details of the arrangement have been reported [7,8,9]. The three condensed matter worlds are co-existent (collocated) and contemporaneous, they are interpenetrated by and immersed in the cosmic vacuum (waveform) field, the arrangement manifests wave-particle duality and observational three particle-generations.…”

Section: The Composite Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Obande¹

2019

Preprint

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Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρvac = 2.61 x 10-39 g cm-3 and Λ = 4.78 x 10-62. The results reveal that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρvacc2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. A cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are then presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans “chaotic”; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length.

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Section: The Composite Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Obande¹

2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…We have been investigating the classical mass formula hϑ = mc 2 for some years and the effort has been turning up surprises consistently. In an attempt to simulate established relative atomic mass values, we found that reality comprises four physical states or phases composed of a waveform and three particulate matter forms one of which is our visible world; it shares same spacetime with two invisible condensed matter worlds, details of the arrangement have been reported, Obande (2018Obande ( , 2015aObande ( , 2013. The three condensed matter worlds are co-existent (collocated) and contemporaneous, they are interpenetrated by and immersed in the cosmic vacuum (waveform) field, the arrangement manifests wave-particle duality and observational three particle-generations.…”

Section: The Composite Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Credit: NASA-NICER EXPT (letters scripted on the original, color online). v) following from Obande (2018), the innermost of the set of triplet refers to our visible universe U o p with its (invisible) conjugate Uʹ p in the middle and (invisible) component U * p of the absolute universe U * w at the outermost; vi) allowing for distortion, the triplets present with different degrees of curvature as they issue from one bright spot (AGN) to another, see, e.g., the envelopes, A→B, C, H, L, K, J, F, A ; K→R; D → H/M, N; triple lines to the right of L, C, curving towards D; T→B; G → H, et cetera; vii) it is likely an internal image of a narrow strip of the "Static Sky", Obande (2017b); viii) in principle, we should have a set of coupled triplets, representing a complete periodic envelope, i.e., 6 lines streaming in and 6 lines streaming out of each bright spot, see Obande (2018); the image, however, reveals several coupled triplets going into and out of the AGN as evident at A, E, F, G, O, N, I, we attribute the number, possibly, to presence of decaying periodic envelopes evidenced in diffuse or blurred outlines; ix) given the elemental sources of radiation, Obande (2016c), we posit that the background bright dots (speckles) are, amongst others, stars; x) Figure 2 reveals much more than can be taken here, for the present purpose, it reveals unambiguously that the cosmos is essentially electromagnetic; we shall rely on it to attempt further account of the CCP.…”

Section: Metric Space Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An attempt to investigate metric space expansion MSE using Figure 2 must, at present, contend with understandable obstacles: i) the conjugate wave-particle dual nature of the atom and of reality is yet unfamiliar to established physics; notably, Figure 2's planar presentation cannot portray mutual orthogonality of the sets of three particle-generations universes to which we attribute the 'filaments'; ii) the subject is yet to advance to the state where images such as Figure 2 might serve to elucidate key dynamics of the AGN such as that which facilitates matrix flux between universes currently tagged 'wormholes' and 'solitons', Keihn (2004), Good Elf (2016); iii) even after taking care of the preceding hurdles, Figure 2 would still prove desperately inadequate for investigation of MSE for the simple reason that its coverage is rather limited, an x-ray image that reveals internal structure of an envelope spanning a hemisphere such as the Pan STARRS 1 'Static Sky' would be invaluable. These limitations not-withstanding, we may submit as follows: i) Figure 2 adds to confirm that the cosmos is an electromagnetic perfectly closed system, like all cosmic periodic envelopes, it is a toriod, Obande (2017b), Williamson and Mark (1997), Imanishi et al (2016), as a result, it can expand only locally, being confined to within the annulus; ii) expansion reflects progression of an envelope from one symmetry group SG to another, normally from SG1 to SG IV at which point the body stops rotating, loses electric charge and becomes a potential AGN accretion candidate, see Figure 1, Obande (2017c) and Figure 6, Obande (2018); iii) progression through the SGs follows a parabolic trajectory, it produces the filaments in Figure 2 and a more careful examination would reveal that the background speckles are not exactly random, they belong to remnants of decaying or expired systems; iv) expansion presents in Figure 2 Vol. 11, No.…”

Section: Metric Space Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-linearity results from a sudden hyperbolic jump in expansion rate to initiate spontaneous radioactivity of the quantum envelope at periodic element no. 80 equivalent in chemical periodicity to Xe, the process gradually normalizes at no.111, i.e., Ac where full-blown spontaneous decay is achieved, see Obande (2018Obande ( , 2015c,. Notably, "a" space refers to a velocity field accelerating through space not time.…”

Section: = ( )8mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Obande¹

2019

APR

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Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρ vac = 2.61 x 10 -39 g cm -3 and Λ = 4.87 x 10 -66 cm -2 . It is revealed that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρ vac c 2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. The cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans "chaotic"; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length to atomic radius of the heaviest element.

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On Intrinsic Rotation of Bodies

Obande¹

2019

JHEPGC

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Spontaneous rotation of matter is investigated. The results provide further evidence in support of earlier indications of a wave-only reality in which the quantum energy packet exists in the form of a conjugate wave-particle doublet. It reveals that matter, be it wave or particle, is a harmonic oscillator defined with full spectrum of the usual mechanical properties of simple harmonic motion SHM. Notably, the quantum energy packet's stress field correlates with radius to generate intrinsic torque, it motivates spontaneous rotation at all levels of the cosmic mass scale from the electron to the universe; its atomic and natural units are () 25 3 2 3.162 10 kg m s au w − − Γ = × ⋅ ⋅ and () 47 3 2 3.867 10 kg m s au p − − Γ = × ⋅ ⋅ respectively for matter's wave (bosonic) and particulate (fermionic) forms. The proton's observational internal pressure 35 proton~1 0 Pa σ reported recently by Burkert et al. deviates markedly from the theoretical value ~10 22 Pa, the difference attributes to challenges with existing energy measurement procedures. Velocities of electron waveform in random thermal motion evaluated with the new approach agree remarkably well with values obtained with kinetic-molecular theory KT; much more importantly, the analysis reveals existence, at standard conditions, of electron waveform's hyper-luminal root-mean-square velocity, () 27 1 1.004 10 m s rms ew v − = × ⋅ , if verified, this finding might inform ongoing neutrino research. The evidence suggests that effects formalized in the theories of thermodynamics and kinetics trace to mobile torque fields.

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A Field Concept of the Black Hole

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

On Intrinsic Rotation of Bodies

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