Mass and Energy Densities of the Cosmos

Abstract

Fundamental principles of classical (Newtonian) physics are employed to probe the cosmological lambda Λ; it yields the values ρ vac = 2.61 x 10 -39 g cm -3 and Λ = 4.87 x 10 -66 cm -2 . It is revealed that Λ is a fundamental physical constant defined by vacuum density-light speed ρ vac c 2 correlation. However, the constant accelerates along the groups and periods of a universal spatial periodicity equivalent to the chemical periodicity. Previous results are cited to show that chemical elements are quantum harmonic (periodic) oscillators QHOs and their waveform oscillations exclusively define the vacuum field. The cosmological periodic unit CPU is introduced, it relies on the cosmological principle to argue that a relative physical quantity evaluated for the QHO applies to constituents of corresponding cosmological spatial quanta. Compelling evidences, backed with relevant data and quantitative expressions, are presented to argue that: there was never a big bang, it is a Linde-universe sans "chaotic"; nature posts no singularity; mass does not curve spacetime, neither does metric space curvature trace directly to gravitation nor particle creation, gravity is classical, not quantum; reality is quadri-phasic not mono-phasic with a clear distinction between the atomic waveform defined with absolute atomic mass and condensed matter defined with relative atomic mass; every chemical element exists in three particle-generations thus, dark matter is invisible form (conjugate) of the visible element, its waveform manifests dark energy, it is not implicated in metric space expansion; Planck scale does not exist, radioactivity constrains fundamental length to atomic radius of the heaviest element.

Fundamentals of Universal Gravitation

“…It librates from an element of doubt the philosophies underlying the CP and restores greater confidence on its underlining assumptions. Notably, prior evaluations of: absolute atomic mass [17]; the fundamental physical constants [16,20], mass and energy densities of the cosmos, [19] and recent explanation of the Hubble drift [23] have all received a strong backing from the present results.…”

“…Detailed analysis of (2) reveals that: (i) oscillation frequency ν identifies with the primitive e-m radiation that defines the atom; (ii) ν is a quadruplet, each of its four values refers to a phase of a quadri-phasic common reality; (iii) ν gives rise to four atomic mass generations three of which are well known [12][13][14], the fourth, daily encountered yet unknown, identifies with the atomic waveform; (iv) the waveform, characterized with ultra-low atomic mass values, constitutes the CVF; thus, the vacuum field is physical [15][16][17][18][19], it comprises a pool of atomic em oscillations each defines the chemical element; (v) the atom's physical properties derive from linear correlation of classical simple harmonic motion SHM parameters of its e-m oscillation; these, of course, include four atomic mass m variants and corresponding variants of frequency ν, radius r, angular speed ω, stress σ, strain γ, modulus ϵ, density ρ, and centripetal force F. Evaluation procedure of these parameters have been presented, [16,20]. [21], natural radioactivity [22], expansion of physical space [23].…”

Fractional and Unitary Electric Charges I: Classical Foundations of Quantum Effects

“…(i) defined in a 9 x 9 matrix, the R&R or nature's periodic arrangement is much more compact and symmetric than the conventional table; it starts at the middle of period 1 to yield an incomplete (half) first period and ends also at the middle of period 9 to yield an incomplete (half) ninth period; the two incomplete halves together form a "shadow" tenth to yield a cyclic periodicity 1→ 2 → 3• • • → • • • 9→1 that results in a continuous matrix flow; it gives rise to observational cyclic (steadystate) universe, Obande (2019b), Di Valentino et al (2020;…”