Fractional and Unitary Electric Charges I: Classical Foundations of Quantum Effects

Abstract

Numerical value of the atom’s electrical/electromotive charge emerges naturally upon expressing its definitive e-m oscillation frequency ν as an exponent of eight, 8ν  (‘octave quantum’). This simple procedure realizes, for each element, accurate values of the established quantum numbers. It is revealed that unlike others, the spin quantum number ±½ is not an ‘octave quantum’, it actually turns out an exponent of a field coupling that manifests atomic mass. Octave quanta of frequencies of atoms of the second and third (invisible unknown) elements of nature’s chemical periodicity, “blackton” Bl and “boston” Bs, (8⅓, 8⅔)  manifest observational fractional one-third 1/3  and two-third 2/3  electrical charges normally associated with ‘quarks’. Based on the concept of ‘octave quantum’ the author uses periodic arrangement of the chemical elements to present a unique account of established quantum numbers, it facilitates a deeper insight into factors responsible for unusual valences commonly encountered among transition elements. It is concluded that the ease with which the procedure reproduces established quantum numbers strongly suggests an intrinsic classical origin of observational quantum characteristics.