A Facile and Eco-Effective Catalytic System for Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose

LiCl-promoted-dehydration of fructose-based carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in isopropanol

“…The result could be attributed to the complexity of the reaction and high reactivity of HMF, several side reactions may occur, the most notable of which are the acidcatalyzed HMF rehydration to levulinic and formic acids, HMF self-condensation reactions, and HMF-fructose crosspolymerization, forming soluble and insoluble polymers named humins conrmed by the brown mixture aer reaction. [29][30][31]36 As known that the solvent also affected the dehydration process of fructose conspicuously through coordinating or activating intermediates. 7,[37][38][39][40] Hence, the effect of organic solvent with different structure on fructose dehydration with an aid of LiCl was investigated inevitably.…”

Eco‐Friendly Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Sucrose Using Commercially Available Dihydric Phosphate as a Catalyst

“…When the H 3 PO 4 was replaced by KH 2 PO 4 , the catalytic efficiency was improved noteworthily (Table , entry 3); 50.9% of HMF yield with 87.6% of selectivity showed the excellent catalytic performance of KH 2 PO 4 in selective conversion of sucrose into HMF. However, when K 2 HPO 4 was used as the catalyst, the catalytic efficiency declined rapidly (Table , entry 4), low product yield and selectivity implied weak base (K 2 HPO 4 ) was not the efficient catalyst for producing HMF due to the instability of products in basic condition ,. The terrible results, which were obtained from the strong base (K 3 PO 4 ) catalyzed system (Table , entry 5), further confirmed the poor ability of base for selective conversion of sucrose into HMF.…”

“…In addition, the phosphates (Na 2 HPO 4 + NaH 2 PO 4 ) exhibit capacity for catalytic isomerization of glucose into fructose with high efficiency . Inspired by above efforts, the catalyst system comprised of dihydric phosphates (NaH 2 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 ) and MIBK/H 2 O biphasic solvent system has been constructed in our recent work for direct conversion of glucose into HMF with up to ∼50% yield . More importantly, the phosphates are commercially available, and can be obtained in the market easily with low price.…”

“…Herein, in the continuation of our ongoing research program in developing mild catalytic route for preparing bio‐chemicals from biomass, we report an efficient method with dihydric phosphate catalyst (H 2 PO 4 — ) for producing HMF from sucrose, in which the high efficiency is realized via selective dehydration of fructose unit in sucrose into HMF and isomerization of tough glucose unit into fructose with subsequent dehydration reaction under mild conditions. The effect of the reaction process parameters (catalyst dosage, temperature, and time), the extent of the substrate concentration and types are evaluated.…”

Amine-Functionalized Sugarcane Bagasse: A Renewable Catalyst for Efficient Continuous Flow Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction at Room Temperature

“…It is an ideal renewable catalyst support for the fabrication of the solid catalyst through a simple amine silanization process. Herein, based on our previous studies on the utilization of the biomass resource [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], an amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse, denoted as SCB-NH 2 , has been designed and utilized in the continuous flow Knoevenagel condensation reaction at room temperature. The Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and malononitrile was set as the model reaction in batch and flow reaction systems.…”