A dual wideband high gain 2 × 2 multiple‐input‐multiple‐output monopole antenna with an end‐launch connector model for 5G millimeter‐wave mobile applications

Abstract

This article presents the design, analysis, and realization of a new printed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with a very high gain and wide bandwidth for the millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) 28/38 GHz fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four identical patch elements in a 2 × 2 configuration to achieve high gain with wide operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna holds an attractive compact size of 31.891 × 37.528 mm2. The proposed MIMO configuration is designed on a 0.508 mm thick Rogers‐5870 substrate material with a loss tangent of 0.0009 and a relative dielectric constant of 2.33. An effective technique for folding the feed line and applying a new protruding ground is introduced to obtain good mutual coupling. The fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna is tested to verify the simulation results for the validation of the suggested design approach. The suggested MIMO antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2.6 GHz (27.4–30.0 GHz) and 3.3 GHz (36.7–40.0 GHz) to cover the intended frequency range for 5G applications with isolation less than −22 band peak gains of 18 and 14.5 dBi at 27.5 and 38.8 GHz, respectively. To validate the MIMO performance of the proposed antenna several MIMO diversity parameters such as mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and diversity gain (DG) are evaluated. Determined results indicate ECC < 0.001, DG > 9.995, and an average MEG of −3 dB at the operating bands. The proposed antenna exhibits good agreement between the simulated and measured results, which confirm its suitability for forthcoming mm‐wave 5G MIMO systems and services.

A novel arc‐shaped four‐port wideband (21.8–29.1 GHz) MIMO antenna with improved characteristics for 5G NR networks

“…According to Figure 12, the DG of the MIMO antenna should be above 9.95. In this proposed MIMO design case, it exceeds 9.99 within the operating band 29 . Based on the analysis, the suggested antenna displays excellent performance within the operating band, which spans from 22.78 to 29.61 GHz.…”

“…In this proposed MIMO design case, it exceeds 9.99 within the operating band. 29 Based on the analysis, the suggested antenna displays excellent performance within the operating band, which spans from 22.78 to 29.61 GHz. Specifically, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) was found to be below 0.004, and the diversity gain (DG) was over 9.99, indicating that the antenna can deliver a high-quality signal with low interference and strong diversity.…”

Broadband sub‐6 GHz flower‐shaped MIMO antenna with high isolation using theory of characteristic mode analysis (TCMA) for 5G NR bands and WLAN applications

“…In MIMO analysis, the maximum value of mean effective difference between any two ports must be <À3 dB. 68 Figure 13C represents the variation of MEG (measured and simulated) among ports 1 and 2. The mean effective gain of current MIMO antenna at resonant frequency is analyzed by the simulation tool for the values of XPR = 0 dB and XPR = 6 dB taking into consideration the isotropic medium and Gaussian medium.…”

“…Likewise, for the evaluation of F θ , “θ” is variable, and “φ” is constant respectively. In MIMO analysis, the maximum value of mean effective difference between any two ports must be <−3 dB 68 . Figure 13C represents the variation of MEG (measured and simulated) among ports 1 and 2.…”

Four-Port 38 GHz MIMO Antenna with High Gain and Isolation for 5G Wireless Networks

“…Antenna design is one of the most complicated issues for future 5G cellular connectivity. Various experts have been working on 5G antennas that resonate at a frequency of 38 GHz [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In [ 11 ], a four-element MIMO antenna resonates at 38 GHz with a peak gain of 7.6 dBi, and an isolation greater than 20 dB is introduced.…”