A small size neutralization line integrated flower-shaped MIMO antenna is designed and analyzed for sub-6 GHz type 5G NR frequency bands like n79 (4400-5000 MHz), n78 (3300-3800 MHz), n77 (3300-4200 MHz), and WLAN (5150-5825 MHz) applications. The novel approach of theory of characteristic mode analysis (TCMA) is introduced to provide physical insight of the designed structure and its characteristics behavior. Due to the suggested modifications in the geometry, the isolation among the patches is greatly increased.The overall miniaturized dimension of the MIMO antenna is 25 Â 40 mm 2 . The edge-edge spacing among the elements is 0.0233λ. The prototype antenna is fabricated and measured that shows good agreement compared with simulated results. The designed MIMO antenna without the presence of decoupling structure offers an isolation of 28 dB, gain of 3.6 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 69.7% at the resonant frequency. The proposed MIMO antenna covers a broad range of frequency band from 3.296 to 5.962 GHz with À10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2666 MHz and maintains a good isolation of greater than 50 dB for the entire operating band. The tested radiation efficiency and gain are 85.3% and 6.22 dBi at 3.5 GHz. Moreover, the diversity parameters of the neutralization line integrated MIMO antenna, that is, channel capacity loss (CCL) isolation, mean effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC) diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), are analyzed and discussed in this article.

This paper deals with the design of bidirectional coupler for broadband power line communication and the impedance matching technique with the power line. This coupler can be used for both transmitting and receiving the data, acting as transceiver. The impedance mismatching problem is also solved here using line trap circuit. The coupler circuit is capable of transmitting or receiving modulated signals with carrier frequency of 15 MHz which can be used for domestic as well as distribution power networks. Laboratory prototype tested using power line network consists of electrical household appliances and results show that the circuit is able to facilitate bidirectional band pass transmission

A compact and triple-band polarization converting reflective type metasurface (PCRM) with a high polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is proposed for strategic wireless antenna-integrated applications. The unit cell of the metasurface is composed of S- and G-shaped patches separated with a parasitic gap and the grounded via is connected to the full ground plane. The unit cell is etched on an FR4 substrate (dielectric constant, εr = 4.4, loss tangent, tan δ = 0.02), with compact dimensions of 10 mm3 × 10 mm3 × 1.6 mm3. This structure provides a resonance at 5.2 (ISM), 6.9, and 8.05 GHz (X-band) frequencies. The designed unit cell structure is studied for Transverse Electric (TE)/Transverse Magnetic (TM) incident waves and their responses to the various incident angles. The corresponding PCR is calculated, which shows 92% in the lower frequency band (5.2 GHz), 93% in the second frequency band (6.9 GHz), and 94% in the high-frequency band (8.05 GHz). The total efficiency of the structure shows 83.2%, 62.95%, and 64.6% at the respective resonance bands. A prototype of the proposed PCRM with 3 × 3 unit cells is fabricated to validate the simulated results. The experimental data agrees with the simulation results. The compactness, triple-band operation with a high PCR value of more than 92% makes use of the designed metasurface in wireless antenna-integrated applications at ISM and X-bands.

In this work, using characteristic mode analysis, a multi-layered nonuniform metasurface structured antenna has been optimized. The driven patch of square structure and the parasitic patch elements of circular radiating cross-slotted meta-structure are used in the proposed model. The modal significance characteristic angles and surface currents are analyzed based on characteristic mode to optimize the nonuniform structures. The antenna is resonating between 5.5–6.1 GHz, covering WLAN applications with an average gain of 7.9 dBi and efficiency greater than 90%. Transient mode, terminal mode, and eigenmode-based analyses are performed on the proposed design, and comparative analysis has been presented in this work. The prototype model fabrication and real-time measurement analysis with simulation results matching are presented for application validation.

This work presents the design and fabrication of a metamaterial-based stimulated dual band antenna on FR4 material (dielectric constant 4.3) to operate in Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) and Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The antenna model had an overall dimension of 70 × 31 × 1.6 mm3 with etched T-slots and L-slots for dual band resonance. The main objective of this work was to enhance the gain performance characteristic at the selected dual band frequencies of 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz. Initially, it achieved a narrow bandwidth of 0.018 GHz with a gain of 1.53 dBi at a lower frequency, and 0.13 GHz of bandwidth featuring 4.49 dBi of gain at a higher frequency. The antenna provided an impedance bandwidth of 2% (0.905–0.923 GHz) and 5% (2.382–2.516 GHz) at two resonating frequencies. The antenna was integrated with a designed novel AMC structure to enhance the gain in CST Microwave Studio software with the finite integration method. The characteristic features of the AMC unit cell were observed at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz frequencies and after antenna integration, the final prototype achieved a gain of 2.87 dBi at 0.915 GHz and 6.8 dBi at 2.45 GHz frequencies.