A direct comparison of affective pain processing underlying two traditional pain modalities in rodents

McNabb, Christopher T.; Uhelski, Megan L.; Fuchs, Perry N.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.051

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We further demonstrate that after muscle inflammation, mice learn to avoid noxious stimuli - both cutaneous mechanical stimuli and that associated with physical activity. While prior studies have tested the escape avoidance paradigm in rats with paw inflammation and neuropathic pain (LaBuda and Fuchs, 2000; LaGraize et al, 2004; LaBuda and Fuchs, 2005; Pedersen et al, 2007; Baastrup et al, 2011; Uhelski et al, 2012; McNabb et al, 2012), we were able to translate these behaviors to mice with inflammatory muscle pain where mice have unilateral hyperalgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two most commonly used tests for assessing higher order pain related behaviors in animals are the escape avoidance test and conditioned place preference (CPP) tests (Fuchs, 2000; LaBuda and Fuchs, 2000; LaGraize et al, 2004; Ding et al, 2005; Pedersen and Blackburn-Munro, 2006; Betourne et al, 2008; van der Kam et al, 2008; Baastrup et al, 2011; Qu et al, 2011; Fuchs and McNabb, 2012; He et al, 2012; McNabb et al, 2012). In the escape avoidance test, the animal chooses to avoid a noxious stimulus by moving to another chamber of the box.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher order processing using the escape avoidance paradigm has been tested in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, primarily in rats (LaBuda and Fuchs, 2000; LaGraize et al, 2004; Pedersen and Blackburn-Munro, 2006; van der Kam et al, 2008; Baastrup et al, 2011; Qu et al, 2011; McNabb et al, 2012). The purpose of the current study was to develop higher order behavioral tests that would be useful for mice with both acute and chronic muscle pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of avoidance behaviors in mouse models of muscle pain

2013

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Pain encompasses both a sensory as well as an affective dimension and these are differentially processed in the cortex. Animal models typically use reflexive behaviors to test nociceptive responses; these are thought to reflect the sensory dimension of pain. While several behavioral tests are available for examining the affective dimension of pain it is unclear if these are appropriate in animal models of muscle pain. We therefore tested the utility of existing paradigms as well as new avoidance paradigms in animal models of muscle pain in mice. Specifically we used an escape-avoidance test to noxious mechanical stimuli, a learned avoidance test to noxious mechanical stimuli, and avoidance of physical activity. We used three animal models of muscle pain: carrageenan-induced inflammation, non-inflammatory muscle pain, and exercise-enhanced pain. In the carrageenan model of inflammation mice developed escape-avoidance behaviors to mechanical stimuli, learned avoidance to mechanical stimulation and avoidance of physical activity – these models are associated with unilateral hyperalgesia. When both muscles were inflamed, escape-avoidance behaviors did not develop suggesting equivalent bilateral pain-behaviors cannot be tested with an escape-avoidance test. In the non-inflammatory muscle pain model mice did not show significant changes in escape-avoidance behaviors or learned avoidance, but did avoid physical activity. In the exercise-enhanced pain model, there were no changes in escape avoidance, learned avoidance of noxious or physical activity In conclusion, we developed several testing protocols that assess supraspinal processing of pain-behaviors in models of muscle pain and that are most sensitive in animals with unilateral hyperalgesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of avoidance behaviors in mouse models of muscle pain

2013

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“…In addressing the problem of animal suffering, and accepting that “we cannot directly observe an animals’ feelings”, Bateson recommended that “we should use a variety of tasks to gain confidence in conclusions” [48]. Accordingly, studies are now increasingly applying several different measures in an attempt to characterise pain more reliably [49], [50]. In this study we adopted a comparable approach by assessing a standard welfare parameter (body weight) alongside peripheral hypersensitivity testing, monitoring spontaneous exploratory behaviour and conducting CPP testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conditioned Place Preference Test for Assessing Welfare Consequences and Potential Refinements in a Mouse Bladder Cancer Model

et al. 2014

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Most pre-clinical analgesic efficacy assays still involve nociceptive testing in rodents. This is despite concerns as to the relevance of these tests for evaluating the pain-preventative properties of drugs. More appropriate methods would target pain rather than nociception, but these are currently not available, so it remains unknown whether animal pain equates to the negatively affective and subjective/emotional state it causes in humans. Mouse cancer models are common despite the likelihood of substantial pain. We used Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) testing, assessments of thermal hyperalgesia and behaviour to determine the likelihood that MBT-2 bladder cancer impacts negatively on mouse welfare, such as by causing pain. There was no CPP to saline, but morphine preference in tumour bearing mice exceeded that seen in tumour-free controls. This occurred up to 10 days before the study end-point alongside reduced body weight, development of hyperalgesia and behaviour changes. These effects indicated mice experienced a negative welfare state caused by malaise (if not pain) before euthanasia. Due to the complexity of the assessments needed to demonstrate this, it is unlikely that this approach could be used for routine welfare assessment on a study-by-study basis. However, our results show mice in sufficiently similar studies are likely to benefit from more intensive severity assessment and re-evaluation of end-points with a view to implementing appropriate refinements. In this particular case, a refinement would have been to have euthanased mice at least 7 days earlier or possibly by provision of end-stage pain relief. CPP testing was found to be a helpful method to investigate the responses of mice to analgesics, possibly on a subjective level. These findings and those of other recent studies show it could be a valuable method of screening candidate analgesics for efficacy against cancer pain and possibly other pain or disease models.

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“…On the other hand, higher order pain behaviors such as conditioned place aversion (CPA) assess some of the emotional component of pain. These experiments involve having the animal choosing to avoid or escape a pain-inducing behavior and/or treatments by moving to the other chamber of the box (LaBuda and Fuchs 2000; Ding et al ., 2005; van der Kam et al ., 2008; McNabb et al ., 2012; He et al ., 2012). Lesions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) block the development of escape-avoidance pain behaviors (Johansen et al ., 2001; LaGraize et al ., 2004; Qu et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Aversion of Acute Pain Stimulus through Conditioned Place Aversion

et al. 2017

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Pain is a complex experience. The aversive component of pain has been assessed through conditioned place aversion in rodents. However, this behavioral test does not allow the evaluation of the aversion of an acute pain stimulus. In Zhang et al. (2017), we provide an updated version of a Conditioned Place Aversion paradigm to address this challenge. In this protocol, a detailed version of this method is described.

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A direct comparison of affective pain processing underlying two traditional pain modalities in rodents

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of avoidance behaviors in mouse models of muscle pain

Assessment of avoidance behaviors in mouse models of muscle pain

The Conditioned Place Preference Test for Assessing Welfare Consequences and Potential Refinements in a Mouse Bladder Cancer Model

Assessment of Aversion of Acute Pain Stimulus through Conditioned Place Aversion

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