A dilemma of fertility and female labor supply: Identification using Taiwanese twins

Zhang, Junchao

doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2016.12.005

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“… is the coefficient of interest, which captures the effect of fertility or number of children. is consistent with studies on fertility and household outcomes (for example, Rosenzweig and Wolpin, 1980a;Bronars and Grogger, 1994;De Jong et al, 2017;Jacobsen et al, 1999;Zhang, 2017).…”

Section: Empirical Methodologysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Following the study by Rosenzweig and Wolpin, 1980a;Jacobsen et al, 1999;Black et al 2005;Rosenzweig and Zhang, 2009;Zhang, 2017, this study uses twin births as an instrument for women's fertility through an instrumental variable (IV) estimation approach.…”

Section: Estimate: Twin Births As An Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first category examines the impact of fertility on female labour force participation, taking into account the endogeneity of fertility decisions. The concern of endogeneity was addressed by most of these studies by the use of either mixed sibling-sex composition as an instrumental variable (IV), or twin births as a natural experiment for fertility to analyse the effects of number of children or family size on labour supply through the use of instrumental variables techniques (Bronars and Grogger, 1994;Angrist and Evans, 1998;Jacobsen et al, 1999;Cruces and Galiani, 2007;He and Zhu, 2016;De Jong et al, 2017;Zhang, 2017;Heath, 2017). There exists a growing number of studies in this category that find that a negative relationship exists between fertility and female labour force participation (Rosenzweig and Wolpin, 1980a;Vere, 2007;Sprague, 1988;Black et al, 2005;Del Boca et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Ajefu

2019

Rev Econ Household

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This paper investigates the impact of fertility on women's entrepreneurship decision in Nigeria, using the 2008 and 2013 pooled cross-sectional Demographic Health Surveys data. In order to mitigate the potential endogeneity problem of fertility decision, the study explores an exogenous variation in family size by the use of twin births through the use of an instrumental variable (IV) approach. Both the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimate show that having children is positively associated with women's entrepreneurship decision, and there are heterogeneous effects across the subsamples by women's age. The results of this study are robust to using the number of children younger than age five, and the presence of at least one child in the home as alternative definitions of fertility.

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Section: Empirical Methodologysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Estimate: Twin Births As An Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Ajefu

2019

Rev Econ Household

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“…The seminal work by Bronars and Grogger (1994) and Angrist and Evans (1998) utilizes twin birth and sibling sex as instrumental variables (IVs) for the number of children. These two well-known IVs have been applied to data all over the world to estimate the motherhood employment penalty (Ajefu, 2019;Cools et al, 2017;Cruces and Galiani, 2007;Fontaine, 2017;Guo et al, 2018;He and Zhu, 2016;Jacobsen et al, 1999;Vere, 2011;Zhang, 2017). These papers find substantial cross-country differences in the motherhood employment penalty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One advantage of twin birth and sibling sex is that the required information can be obtained in many household level datasets, including census data that are available in most countries. The motherhood employment penalty has been estimated by the two IVs in numerous countries, including the U.S. (Angrist and Evans, 1998;Bronars and Grogger, 1994;Jacobsen et al, 1999;Vere, 2011), Argentina and Mexico (Cruces and Galiani, 2007), China (Guo et al, 2018;He and Zhu, 2016), Nigeria (Ajefu, 2019), Taiwan (Zhang, 2017), and several European countries (Cools et al, 2017;Fontaine, 2017). 1 Although there is a large amount of international research, very few studies in this literature investigate cross-country differences in the motherhood penalty on employment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essays in Applied Microeconomics

Doan¹

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This dissertation explores topics in the field of applied microeconomics: labour supply, education, and health. The unifying theme across all three papers is the application of a modern econometric quasi-experimental methodological lens to rich datasets in order to estimate causal effects. In the second chapter, I employ the twin birth instrument and census data to estimate the causal effects of fertility on female labour supply in more than 30 countries. I match the estimated motherhood employment penalties with gender wage gaps in each country and document a negative relationship between the motherhood employment penalty and gender wage gap, indicating that the effects of childbirth on employment are more negative in countries with larger gender wage gaps. The association is especially strong in within-country analysis and remains nearly the same when controlling for macroeconomic factors related to the labour market. In the third chapter, I apply fixed effects models to a rich panel dataset of U.S. high schools merged with schools’ annual varsity team football win-loss records. Motivated by a recent literature documenting negative effects of sports success on the wider student body, I leverage the within-school variation in team success to estimate the causal effects of football team’s success on a variety of outcomes including measures of university aspirations, academic performance, and antisocial behaviour. I find that greater athletic success increases SAT/ACT test participation and AP course enrolment, implying positive effects on university aspirations. However, there are no effects of a team’s success on actual academic performance or antisocial behaviour. The findings are particularly important given previous work that has documented negative impacts of sports on college campuses. In the final chapter, I use synthetic control methods with macroeconomic and remote-sensing nightlight data to estimate the causal effects of the 2003 SARS outbreak on China's provincial economies. I apply the algorithm to create a synthetic control for each of the most affected Chinese regions: Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, and Shanxi. By comparing outcomes in a treated unit with its synthetic control, I find a long-term negative impact on night-time lights per capita in the affected Chinese region, Beijing. This suggests identifiable adverse impacts on economic activity from pandemic outbreaks prior to COVID-19.

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Analysis of Twins

Bhalotra

Clarke

2023

Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics

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A dilemma of fertility and female labor supply: Identification using Taiwanese twins

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Does having children affect women’s entrepreneurship decision? Evidence from Nigeria

Essays in Applied Microeconomics

Analysis of Twins

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