A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic formation

Phase field modelling of the attachment of metallic droplets to solid particles in liquid slags: Influence of interfacial energies and slag supersaturation

“…It should also be mentioned that chemical reactions between the solid and the two liquid phases can take place and might affect the interaction, as shown by Villanueva et al [26].…”

A phase-field study on the formation of the intermetallic Al2Au phase in the Al–Au system

“…The instability of a quadruple point in a system with an intermetallic phase is also achieved by Villanueva et al in a numerical study on Cu-Sn alloy [24] and is observed in a recent experiment [45].…”

“…2(c). The relation: c SL > c SI þ c LI is also proposed by Villanueva et al [24] for the intermetallic Sn-0.7Cu on a Cu substrate. During the spreading of the intermetallic phase, the Au atoms constantly diffuse into the Al-liquid, which provides the source for the later growth of the intermetallic phase in the vertical direction.…”

“…However, in order to capture the phase boundaries of vacuum/substrate and vacuum/solder, as well as the trijunctions of vacuum-substrate-inter metallic and vacuum-solder-intermetallic, a ternary phase diagram in principle has to be considered. For a substrate surrounded by vacuum, the ternary phase diagram concept in the phase-field study is employed by Nestler et al [23] This concept is also utilized by Villanueva et al [24] for an investigation of intermetallic compounds in the Cu-Sn system. But the ternary phase diagram in the work of Villanueva et al seems not to be compatible with the binary Cu-Sn phase diagram.…”

Numerical and Experimental Investigations on the Growth of the Intermetallic Mg2Si Phase in Mg Infiltrated Si‐Foams

“…[16] Villanueva et al studied the growth of the intermetallic phase by incorporating fluid flow, phase change, and solute diffusion in the phase-field model. [17] However, in these studies, there are several important aspects, which have not been taken into account: (i) Firstly, although volume diffusion has been incorporated in the aforementioned phase-field models, reaction has not been properly considered. Volume diffusion usually results in a growth behavior, d / ffiffi t p , as reported in many references.…”