A cross-sectional study of biomarkers of exposure and effect in smokers and moist snuff consumers

Prasad, G.L.; Jones, Bobbette A.; Chen, Peter; Gregg, Evan O.

doi:10.1515/cclm-2015-0594

Cited by 25 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In MSC, however, these metabolites were mostly similar to those found in NTC. The plasma and urine levels of these metabolites in the metabolomic analyses, or measurement doi: 10.7243/2059-0008-1-2 of oxidized and reduced glutathione in targeted assays [53] did not reveal any differences among the study cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Matching plasma, urine, and saliva samples were collected in a biomarker discovery study [53] and many established BioExp, including nicotine and its metabolites, were evaluated. The metabolomic profiling detected several nicotine metabolites, with the largest number found in SMK and MSC urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description of the clinical conduct and sample collections of this cross-sectional study has been described in a separate manuscript [53] and is included in the supplementary section (Supplementary Table S1). Briefly, upon obtaining written informed consent, 40 male subjects (age 35-60 years were enrolled into each consumer group: exclusive long-term smokers (SMK), exclusive moist snuff consumers (MSC), and nontobacco consumers (NTC).…”

Section: Study Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first study, the investigation of several CVD biomarkers were evaluated, and differences in some BioExp and BioEff between smoking and non-smoking cohorts were found [12]. In a second study, which was a biomarker discovery study, the biomarker levels in chronic/long-term smokers (SMK) and moist snuff consumers (MSC) were assessed [53]. Some key findings of that study were: 1) MSC are exposed to higher levels of nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamines relative to SMK; 2) MSC and non-tobacco consumers (NTC) experienced minimal exposure to combustion-related toxicants; 3) MSC and NTC experienced lower levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, platelet activation, and altered lipid metabolism compared to SMK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been utilized to evaluate the effect of exposure to smoke constituents [13] and to assess the effect of smoking and smoking cessation [14][15][16][17][18]. In an effort to elucidate biochemical changes in healthy consumers of moist snuff and cigarettes, and to identify potential candidate biomarkers of tobacco effect, we conducted a global metabolomic profiling of plasma, urine, and saliva from the same study cohorts described in the candidate biomarker investigation [53]. The results indicated that the biochemical profile of SMK is distinct from that of MSC and NTC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global metabolomic profiles reveal differences in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in smokers and moist snuff consumers

Prasad¹,

Jones²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2015

J Metabolomics

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Background: The existing US epidemiological data show that long-term cigarette smokers are at higher risk of developing serious diseases relative to moist snuff consumers. To understand the effects of tobacco consumption, global metabolomic profiles were generated. Here, we describe metabolomic changes in oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. Methods: Matching plasma, urine, and saliva samples from chronic/long-term smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC), and non-tobacco consumers (NTC), 40 subjects in each cohort, were collected in a crosssectional biomarker discovery study. Untargeted metabolomics and data analyses were performed using Metabolon's proprietary technology. Results: Several biochemicals that significantly differed between study cohorts were identified in all three matrices, with most metabolites found in urine. Random forest analyses of the metabolomes grouped study subjects with a high accuracy and indicated that nicotine and its metabolites primarily drive separation between the NTC and MSC; otherwise, metabolomic profiles of NTC and MSC are more similar to each other, and SMK appear to manifest a distinct metabolomic profile. SMK exhibit lower levels of antioxidants, changes in glutathione metabolism and purine degradation pathways, docosahexaenoate, arachidonate, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, suggesting increased oxidative stress and inflammation relative to MSC and NTC. Conclusions: Metabolomic profiles show that while SMK and MSC cohorts exhibit higher levels of nicotine and its metabolites, SMK manifest evidence of increased oxidative stress and inflammation relative to MSC and NTC. These observed biochemical changes in the SMK could be likely due to the combustion-related toxicants present in cigarette smoke. Impact: Several differentiating metabolites identified herein could be utilized as potential biomarkers of effect. Further, the metabolomic profiles improve our understanding of biological changes in tobacco consumers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%