A cross-country study of cigarette prices and affordability: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Kostova, Deliana; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Yurekli, Ayda; Ross, Hana; Cherukupalli, Rajeev; Andes, Linda J.; Asma, Samira

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050413

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This may be evidence of changing social norms and increasing interest in smoking initiation among women. Moreover, we found that, as in other countries, younger age of smoking initiation was related to the respondent's deprived socioeconomic situation (10,(23)(24)(25). The mean age of smoking initiation differed by education level and was lowest among subjects having primary education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Socioeconomic Disparities in Age of Initiation and Ever Tobacco Smoking: Findings from Romania

Kaleta¹,

Usidame²,

Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk³

et al. 2015

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYAim: Smoking initiation is considered the fundamental behaviour that determines the future health burden of tobacco smoking in a society. The aim of the study was to evaluate the socio-demographic factors associated with initiation of regular smoking among adults.Methods: The data source was the 2011 Global Adult Tobacco Survey Romania (GATS), which is a cross-sectional, nationally representative study. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied for relevant analysis.Results: Among males, the regular smoking initiation rate was significantly higher compared to females (52.4% vs. 18.5%; p < 0.001). Mean age of smoking initiation was lower in men compared to women (18.4 ± 4.8 vs. 21.5 ± 6.8; p < 0.001). Age in men, awareness of environmental tobacco smoke consequences and place of living for women as well as educational attainment and employment status in both genders were associated with ever regular smoking. Moreover, cohabitation with a smoker was associated with greater odds for initiating smoking among both genders.Conclusions: GATS revealed a significant but diverse role of socioeconomic factors in initiation of regular smoking among adult Romanians.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Socioeconomic Disparities in Age of Initiation and Ever Tobacco Smoking: Findings from Romania

Kaleta¹,

Usidame²,

Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk³

et al. 2015

Cent Eur J Public Health

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“…These findings add to the evidence that increasing taxes and prices of tobacco products may reduce tobacco use onset in India. Kostova et al suggest that increasing tobacco prices likely reduces smoking through reducing smoking onset in low-income to lower-income countries, including India, and through promoting quitting in upper middle-income countries 30. Combined with evidence that prices were not significantly associated with quitting in India,20 this study provides additional support to the mechanism discussed in Kostova et al with regards to the differential impacts of increasing prices on smoking dynamics by countries’ income levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Association between tobacco prices and smoking onset: evidence from the TCP India Survey

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTobacco use is prevalent among youth and adults in India. However, direct evidence on how increasing taxes or prices affect tobacco use onset is scarce.ObjectiveTo analyse the associations between cigarette and bidi prices and smoking onset in India, and how these associations differ by socioeconomic status.MethodologyThe Wave 1 of the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Survey by the International Tobacco Control Project contains information on the age at smoking onset for cigarettes and bidis. Using this information, data were expanded to a yearly pseudo-panel dataset that tracked respondents at risk of smoking onset from 1998 to 2011. The associations between bidi prices and bidi smoking onset, between cigarette prices and cigarette smoking onset, and between bidi and cigarette prices and any smoking onset were examined using a discrete-time hazard model with a logit link function. Stratified analyses were conducted to examine the difference in these associations by rural versus urban division.ResultsWe found that higher bidi prices were significantly associated with a lowered hazard of bidi smoking onset (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.51). Higher cigarette prices were significantly (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92) associated with a lowered hazard of cigarette smoking onset among urban residents, but this association was non-significant when SEs were clustered at the state level. In addition, the association between increasing bidis prices and lowered hazards of bidi smoking onset was greater for urban residents than for rural ones (p<0.01).ConclusionsUnder the new regime of a central goods and service system, policymakers may need to raise the prices of tobacco products sufficiently to curb smoking onset.

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“…The most affordable cigarettes are found in the Russian Federation (where tobacco taxes are 37% of cigarettes' retail price), followed by Brazil (58% tax) and China (36% tax), where recent economic growth contributed to rising GDP. These countries' cigarettes are still very affordable, due to the relatively slower increases in cigarette taxes, compared with real incomes (19). The Russian Federation, at 58.1%, and China at 48.2% are also the two countries with the highest manufactured cigarette smoking rates among the 14 countries participating in GATS (8).…”

Section: Raise Taxes On Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008–2010

et al. 2013

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Abstract:Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) MPOWER is a technical package of six tobacco control measures that assist countries in meeting their obligations of the WHO Framework Convention Tobacco Control and are proven to reduce tobacco use. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) systematically monitors adult tobacco use and tracks key tobacco control indicators. Methods: GATS is a nationally representative household survey of adults aged 15 and older, using a standard and consistent protocol across countries; it includes information on the six WHO MPOWER measures. GATS Phase I was conducted from 2008-2010 in 14 high-burden low-and middle-income countries. We selected one key indicator from each of the six MPOWER measures and compared results across 14 countries. Results: Current tobacco use prevalence rates ranged from 16.1% in Mexico to 43.3% in Bangladesh. We found that the highest rate of exposure to secondhand smoke in the workplace was in China (63.3%). We found the highest 'smoking quit attempt' rates in the past 12 months among cigarette smokers in Viet Nam (55.3%) and the lowest rate was in the Russian Federation (32.1%). In five of the 14 countries, more than one-half of current smokers in those 5 countries said they thought of quitting because of health warning labels on cigarette packages. The Philippines (74.3%) and the Russian Federation (68.0%) had the highest percentages of respondents noticing any cigarette advertising, promotion and sponsorship. Manufactured cigarette affordability ranged from 0.6% in Russia to 8.0% in India. Conclusions: Monitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policy achievements is crucial to managing and implementing measures to reverse the epidemic. GATS provides internationally-comparable data that systematically monitors and tracks the progress of the other five MPOWER measures.

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A cross-country study of cigarette prices and affordability: evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Socioeconomic Disparities in Age of Initiation and Ever Tobacco Smoking: Findings from Romania

Socioeconomic Disparities in Age of Initiation and Ever Tobacco Smoking: Findings from Romania

Association between tobacco prices and smoking onset: evidence from the TCP India Survey

Tracking MPOWER in 14 countries: results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2008–2010

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