A Critical Review of Implicit Leadership Theory on the Validity of Organizational Actor-National Culture Fitness

Abstract

According to implicit leadership literature, actor-national culture fitness is a necessity to be labeled as a leader. However, studies which focus on implicit leadership theory and national culture have some contradictory findings. A systematic review of these studies reveals that participants could score high on opposite implicit leadership values and a sufficient theoretical explanation for these surprising results have not been given so far. This paper argues that showing full harmony with the cultural expectations of followers is not a necessity to be seen as a leader. Actors who can fill the cultural gap with their different cultural values can also be labeled as leaders. This paper contends that organizational actors with cultural values differing from those of the followers with certain cultural orientations are more likely to be labeled as leaders. People from individualistic societies may be more prone to label 'team oriented leadership' dimension as their outstanding leadership prototype whereas people from masculine societies may show 'humane oriented leadership' as their outstanding leadership prototype.

The Challenges of Integrating Women in Leadership Positions in the Technology Industry

“…According to the Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT), individuals are unaware of their biases when they evaluate a leader. The content of ILT highlights that leaders' gender and work context are possible barriers when it comes to the appreciation of different leadership attributes (Öztürk, Varoglu and Varoglu, 2017). Participants reported being discriminated against because of their gender and noted that they always felt the need to prove their value and competence in the workplace, in a way man don't.…”

“…As stated earlier in this section, this study aims to identify these challenges, and to find solutions for this problem. Moreover, Öztürk, Abdülkadir Varoglu, and Varoglu, (2017) argued that this theory, ILTs, will contribute to the development of a global leadership model that will help to reduce the challenges and barriers in the technology industry. Barriers such as lack of mentors, female role models, and gender discrimination in the workplace need further investigation.…”

The Politeness Comments on The Indonesian President Jokowi Instagram Official Account Viewed From Politico Pragmatics and The Character Education Orientation in The Disruption Era

“…Acts of politeness in political communication are important to build good leadership; besides that, good political communication is one of the success factors in leadership. It is as stated by (Öztürk, Varoğlu, & Varoğlu, 2017;Prasetyo, 2014) that in order to achieve common goals between leaders and the community, good political commu-nication is needed between the leaders and the people they lead.…”