“…It is a state of maladaptive dependency on the SNS that manifests in compulsively seeking and engaging in SNS use to such an extent that typical behavioral addiction symptoms emerge (e.g., withdrawal, salience, tolerance, mood modification, conflict, and repeated relapses) (Turel, He, Xue, Xiao, & Bechara, 2014). While there is still an ongoing debate whether such problems can or should be classified as a formal disorder of addiction (Carbonell & Panova, 2017), it is clear that regardless of their classification and the terminology used, such maladaptive dependencies can adversely affect various facets of people's lives, including social functioning, wellbeing, academic, and professional performance, as well as mental health (He, Turel, Brevers, & Bechara, 2017a;Turel, Poppa, & Gil-Or, 2018;Serenko & Turel, 2015;Turel & Qahri-Saremi, 2016). Such addictions also can serve as a gateway for physically dangerous practices, such as using SNS while driving (Turel & Bechara, 2016a).…”