A Critical Comparison of 3D Digitization Techniques for Heritage Objects

Abstract

Techniques for the three-dimensional digitization of tangible heritage are continuously updated, as regards active and passive sensors, data acquisition approaches, implemented algorithms and employed computational systems. These developments enable higher automation and processing velocities, increased accuracy, and precision for digitizing heritage assets. For large-scale applications, as for investigations on ancient remains, heritage objects, or architectural details, scanning and image-based modeling approaches have prevailed, due to reduced costs and processing durations, fast acquisition, and the reproducibility of workflows. This paper presents an updated metric comparison of common heritage digitization approaches, providing a thorough examination of sensors, capturing workflows, processing parameters involved, metric and radiometric results produced. A variety of photogrammetric software were evaluated (both commercial and open sourced), as well as photo-capturing equipment of various characteristics and prices, and scanners employing different technologies. The experimentations were performed on case studies of different geometrical and surface characteristics to thoroughly assess the implemented three-dimensional modeling pipelines.

Combining Integrated Informative System and Historical Digital Twin for Maintenance and Preservation of Artistic Assets

“…The result of the survey activity consists of two digital models [ 8 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] that are of paramount relevance in the development of an Integrated Informative System and a Historical Digital Twin of the asset. Indeed, complementary information is recorded and made available to the users, the lack of color data provided by the selected high performance scanning device being well compensated by the photogrammetry that leads to a textured model and offers high-quality orthomosaics of the surveyed object.…”

“…The technological advances in the architectural field, in particular for the metric surveys [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], offer great advantages as they reduce errors in geometry [ 8 ] and provide results useful for documentation, knowledge [ 9 , 10 ], conservation, and valorization [ 11 , 12 ]. The photogrammetric survey and laser scanning are the most common approaches used for this purpose.…”

Application of TLS Remote Sensing Data in the Analysis of the Load-Carrying Capacity of Structural Steel Elements

“…There have been studies that analyzed data acquisition methods in terms of automation of identification processes of structural elements and indicated the high quality of laser scanning data [6,7]. In parallel, point cloud reduction methods are being developed to improve performance of hardware and save storage space [8].…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to make compromise assumptions as to the accuracy of data acquisition methods used in the light of their subsequent use in technical analysis. Issue such as TLS in diagnostic studies of various historic structures at both the detail scale [6] and large-scale wooden objects [19], masonry such as walls [20] or pillars [21] and determination of bridge displacements under load [22] has been already discussed in the literature. On a laboratory level, preliminary testing of post-fire concrete elements [23] or moisture in masonry elements [24] seems interesting.…”

Triangulation and Time-of-Flight Based 3d Digitisation Techniques of Cultural Heritage Structures

“…Thus, many object characteristics are ignored in this measurement (Tobiasz et al, 2019). However new instruments are enabling to make measurement with high density points in a short time by triangulation or time-of-flight techniques (Adamopoulos et al, 2021).…”