A cor da morte: causas de óbito segundo características de raça no Estado de São Paulo, 1999 a 2001

Abstract

ObjectiveAssuming that ethnicity might be a basis for social differentiation and that such differences might represent vulnerability to sickness, this study attempts to verify whether race or ethnic origin have an effect on mortality patterns. MethodsThe Sao Paulo State death register was examined from 1999 to 2001 in a contingence table of causes according to the 10 th ICD and race or skin-color categories (White, Black, Mulatto and others). Chi-square test was used to check the association between skin-color and cause of death; residual analysis was used to elicit statistically significant excessive occurrences when each category of cause of death and skin color was combined; and correspondence analysis was used to examine overall relations among all categories considered. Results A total of 647,321 valid death registers were analyzed, among which 77.7% were of Whites, 5.4% of Blacks, 14.3% of Mulattoes and 2.6% of others. A significant association between skin color or race and cause of death was found. It may be observed that, although Blacks and Mulattoes present a similar death profile, on the contrary of Whites and others, which could be aggregated into a single category, the former appear in distinct positions on the multidimensional map presented. Except for mal defined causes, which characterize only the deaths of Blacks, the other causes of death within this group are common to both Blacks and Mulattoes, varying however, in intensity and as to the order in which they appear death. Conclusions Analysis of mortality according to race or color revealed that death has a color. There is a White death, which has, among its causes, sicknesses, which, although variable, are nothing more than sicknesses. There's a Black death, which is not caused by sicknesses but by external causes, complications in labor and delivery, mental disorders and ill-defined causes.

O quesito raça/cor nos estudos de caracterização de usuários de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial

“…The study conducted by the Batista, Escuder and Pereira (2004) found that, proportionally, in the State of São Paulo, black and brown people die more than white people for mental disorders. Barros et al (2014) identified a higher proportion of black population (black and brown people) hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals of the state of São Paulo.…”

“…The impact of racism on health, illness and death has been discussed by several authors, of which we highlight Araújo et al (2009);Araújo et al (2012); Barbosa (1998);Batista;Escuder;Pereira (2004) and Lopes (2005).…”

“…In a study conducted with death records of inhabitants of the State of São Paulo during the years 1999, 2000 and 2001, it was found that mental disorders were the fourth most important cause of death among black people and the third among brown, not being listed among the characteristic causes of death in order of importance between white people (Batista;Escuder;Pereira, 2004). Barros et al (2014) showed that among people admitted to psychiatric hospitals for more than one year, black ones with mental disorders were in higher percentage compared to the white ones, results calculated proportionally with the population of São Paulo.…”

Perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos de emergência por lesões bucodentais decorrentes de causas externas, Brasil, 2006 e 2007

“…Os negros (pretos e pardos) predominaram em todos os tipos de ocorrência, principalmente entre as violências, em conformidade com panorama nacional de morbimortalidade por causas externas 7,25,26 . Diferenças étnicas associam-se a desigualdades sociais e condicionam a forma de viver e de morrer de grupos de pessoas.…”

Diferenças socioeconômicas entre autoclassificação e heteroclassificação de cor/raça

“…There is already a considerable volume of evidence indicating a systematic condition of disadvantage and exclusion among black and brown (pardo) individuals, in relation to whites, covering various periods during the course of life. 3 However, investigations on ethnic-racial inequalities have come up against methodological problems. Discussions on the validity and reliability of measuring the variable "race" have taken place within different fi elds of knowledge, such as genetics 18 and public health.…”