Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects
ruminants and humans and its detection is still a significant challenge
in particular, in the developing countries. At present, methods used to
diagnose brucellosis consist of microbiological, biochemical,
immunological, and molecular techniques which may be time-consuming,
laborious, expensive, and dependent on special equipment, while they may
not be suitable for on-site miniaturized detection. Thus, development of
novel methods that can characterize Brucella spp with minimal equipment
is invaluable for rapid and easy detection of these pathogenic bacteria
especially in basic laboratories or even in the farm fields. The
nanotechnology-driven approach can be successfully applied using
different nanoparticles for the diagnosis of pathogens. Nanobiosensors
are therefore, one of those promising solutions in this case. These
sensors are efficient tools with diverse biological applications which
can identify pathogenic bacteria with relatively high sensitivity and
specificity. In this context, new nanobiosensors, developed based on
various nanoparticles, for rapid detection of Brucella spp have been
discussed.