A Contribution to the Classification and the Pathogenesis of Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis

Uchimura, I.; Shiraki, H

doi:10.1097/00005072-195704000-00001

Cited by 129 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…However, the evidence as a whole, and especially the observations of Uchimura and Shiraki (1957) on the clinical and pathological characteristics of subacute encephalomyelitis after antirabies inoculation, support the suspicion that the vaccination has some aetiological significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple sclerosis and vaccination.

Miller¹,

Cendrowski²,

Shapira³

1967

BMJ

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Bladder and Blood Pressure-Szasz and Whyte B is quite pronounced-up to 50 mm. Hg systolic and 40 mm. Hg diastolic-and certainly sufficient to be of clinical importance in some patients.The hypertensive effect is evident when the bladder distension becomes intolerable. There was some suggestion that blood pressure rises gradually as the tension in the bladder rises, even before any sense of discomfort or desire to micturate, but this came only from the pooled observations from the four catheterized patients, and was not substantiated by the blood-pressure measurements made before and after normal micturition. It can be concluded that the average behaviour with respect to retaining one's urine and passing it is not associated with any significantt fluctuations in blood pressure.The rise in blood pressure which accompanies gross distension of the bladder could depend on a number of factors such as anxiety and other effects of pain and discomfort, distension of the hollow viscus, and contraction of sphincters. The results of our experiments suggest that the latter may be an important factor, at least when conscious effort is required to prevent micturition. It is possible that contraction of the sphincters initiates reflex activity affecting the cardiovascular system, but it is also probable that the primary volitional effort aimed at the sphincters should spill over into autonomic pathways leading to cardiovascular centres. This would be similar to the mechanism invoked by those people who can voluntarily accelerate heart rate, raise blood pressure, and stimulate other activities controlled by the autonomic nervous system (Ogden and Shock, 1939;Whyte, 1966). SummaryBlood pressure rose significantly (average 27/20 mm. Hg) in seven normal subjects and four patients when the bladder was distended to the maximum tolerable limit by oral fluid loading or retrograde filling (four patients) through a catheter. Pulse rate was unaffected.There was a positive correlation between blood pressure and mounting bladder pressure for the combined results from the four catheterized patients, but this relation did not obtain in each individual.There was no significant difference in blood pressures taken immediately before and after micturition when subjects followed their habitual practice in determining when to micturate.Blood pressure rose significantly (average 17/12 mm. Hg) whenever subjects without distended bladders voluntarily contracted their sphincters. Pulse rate also rose. The purpose of this paper is to describe nine examples of onset or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis after vaccination or inoculation and to discuss the possible implications of these observations. The first five cases were seen in Newcastle and the remainder in Pruszkow. In five instances the onset of the neurological disease occurred after inoculation, in four (Cases 3, 4, 5, and 9) this was followed by exacerbation of established multiple sclerosis. The cases are summarized in the Case 3In 1955, at the age of 45, 26 years after a right facial palsy a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multiple sclerosis and vaccination.

Miller¹,

Cendrowski²,

Shapira³

1967

BMJ

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“…This is an obviously dangerous procedure because of the risk of sensitization. Fulminating inflammatory, demyelinating disease has been produced in humans by spinal cord contam inated rabies vaccinations [26], and by therapeutic lyophilized, calf by an Enccphalitogcn of Human Origin 365 brain injections [13]. A more propitious approach was taken by Fowler et at.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of Rodent Lymphoid Cells by an Encephalitogen of Human Origin

Dau

Peterson

1969

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…A large meta-analysis of data from 150,000 vaccinated individuals published between 1880 and 1928 revealed that neuroparalytic complications occurred in an incidence of about 1 out of 1000, and that affected patients most frequently presented with a clinical disease of acute polyradiculoneuritis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; [157]). Only few of these patients developed a condition pathologically resembling MS [146,160] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Is Ms Pathology Reproduced In Conditions Of Autoimmune Encepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sclerosis: experimental models and reality

2016

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One of the most frequent statements, provided in different variations in the introduction of experimental studies on multiple sclerosis (MS), is that “Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating autoimmune disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a suitable model to study its pathogenesis”. However, so far, no single experimental model covers the entire spectrum of the clinical, pathological, or immunological features of the disease. Many different models are available, which proved to be highly useful for studying different aspects of inflammation, demyelination, remyelination, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. However, the relevance of results from such models for MS pathogenesis has to be critically validated. Current EAE models are mainly based on inflammation, induced by auto-reactive CD4+ T-cells, and these models reflect important aspects of MS. However, pathological data and results from clinical trials in MS indicate that CD8+ T-cells and B-lymphocytes may play an important role in propagating inflammation and tissue damage in established MS. Viral models may reflect key features of MS-like inflammatory demyelination, but are difficult to use due to their very complex pathogenesis, involving direct virus-induced and immune-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, evidence for a role of viruses in MS pathogenesis is indirect and limited, and an MS-specific virus infection has not been identified so far. Toxic models are highly useful to unravel mechanisms of de- and remyelination, but do not reflect other important aspects of MS pathology and pathogenesis. For all these reasons, it is important to select the right experimental model to answer specific questions in MS research.

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A Contribution to the Classification and the Pathogenesis of Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis

Cited by 129 publications

References 0 publications

Multiple sclerosis and vaccination.

Multiple sclerosis and vaccination.

Transformation of Rodent Lymphoid Cells by an Encephalitogen of Human Origin

Multiple sclerosis: experimental models and reality

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