The article explores how criminology is responding to, and might respond to, the challenges presented by changes in earth systems, and the reasons for them, that the term 'Anthropocene' signals. It begins with a very brief review of these developments and the meaning of the term. It then examines the responses within criminology that have emerged under the sign 'green criminology'. Thereafter it explores how criminology might respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene by using a 'security governance' lens.A critique is not a matter of saying that things are not right as they are. It is a matter of pointing out on what kinds of assumptions, what kinds of familiar, unchallenged, unconsidered modes of thought the practices that we accept rest. (Foucault, 1988: 155 cited in Dalby, 2007 All of this suggests quite clearly that we need to rethink our identities as agents of geological change, and in the process understand humanity's role in the larger order of things. (Dalby, 2007: 112)