Cascades of Violence: War, Crime and Peacebuilding Across South Asia

D’Costa, Bina

doi:10.22459/cv.02.2018

Cited by 54 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(413 reference statements)

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“…Of course, President Obama continued that status quo inherited from his predecessors in the same way he continued the crimes of 18 years of detention without trial now at Guantanamo Bay after money was paid to bounty-hunting Afghans who handed these sometime innocents over to be incarcerated there. The escalation of the extrajudicial drone assassinations in Pakistan, a country against which Obama never declared war, with targeting personally approved by him, was an escalation of Presidential criminality of his own choosing (Braithwaite & D’Costa, 2018; Sanger, 2012). In the last year of his Presidency, to Obama’s great credit, he came to terms with his wrongdoing; he realized that he was killing large numbers of innocents for each Taliban leader hit in Pakistan.…”

Section: War Crimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mix, Collective Efficacy, and Crimes of the Powerful

Braithwaite

2020

Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime

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This article argues against abolitionism, then against excess in criminalization for white-collar and corporate crime. While the criminal label does useful work, it does that work better when combined with a wide range of regulatory tools. The best strategies create spaces where reformers inside criminal organizations and regulatory agencies are supported to acquire the collective efficacy to transform corporate cultures. This can happen relationally with civil society support, but it never happens sustainably if civil society and street-level regulatory pressure is not sustained. It is early days in our journey of learning how to sequence and mix strategies and how to empower the powerless to resist crimes of the powerful effectively and with justice.

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Section: War Crimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mix, Collective Efficacy, and Crimes of the Powerful

Braithwaite

2020

Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime

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“…However, this framework situates policy and practice securely in the realm of the knowable and in so doing it leads to policy responses that might 'nudge the system' towards change or 'mind the gap' between policy and practice both of which might be complex and/or complicated (Tolmie: personal communication). However, as Braithwaite and D'Costa (2018) point out, given the changing nature of social reality itself (the rising influence of the virtual world, see Harris 2018 on women's experiences of violence for example), any response relying on the 'knowable' has become increasingly problematic. Yet, this presumption of knowability and thereby predictability has risen up conceptual and policy agendas as risk has increasingly been seen as the 'master key' (Mythen 2014).…”

Section: Thinking Differently: Making a Space For Complexity Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principles Braithwaite (2018) develops are rooted in an appreciation of complexity theory in which knowability is not assumed. Like the good physician, Braithwaite and D'Costa (2018) argue, the willingness to probe in the face of the unknown is as equally essential to successful intervention on criminal behaviour as it is for the clinician. Inexorability embraces what is known and unknown: taken together, they might result in a successful intervention.…”

Section: Thinking Differently: Making a Space For Complexity Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Lives and Lost Lives: Making Sense of ‘Locked in’ Responses to Intimate Partner Homicide

Walklate

Hopkins

2019

Asian J Criminol

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The problem of intimate partner homicide is featuring increasingly on national and international policy agendas. Over the last 40 years, responses to this issue have been characterised by preventive strategies (including 'positive' policing; the proliferation of risk assessment tools, and multi-agency working) and post-event analyses (including police inquiries and domestic homicide reviews). In different ways, each of these responses has become 'locked in' to policies. Drawing on an analysis of police inquiries into domestic homicides in England and Wales over a 10-year period, this paper will explore the nature of these 'locked in' responses and will suggest that complexity theory offers a useful lens through which to make sense of them and the ongoing consistent patterning of intimate partner homicide more generally. The paper will suggest this lens in embracing what is known and unknown affords a different way of thinking about and responding to this problem.

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“…Livelihood, peace and endurance of many countries in the world pretenses to fragility and risk due to one or the other dimension of geopolitics (Braithwaite & D'Costa, 2018;Flint, 2017;Reuber, 2009): countries like Iraq and Syria have been facing guerilla warfare and stringent military operations by coalition led forces, due to geopolitics of oil (Flint, 2017;Quy-Toan et al, 2018); North Korea and Iran were pushed to wall through sanctions due to geopolitics of nuclear capabilities (Wallace, 2014;Dudlák, 2018); China and Laos, Turkey and many others are in a conflict like situation due to resource endowment or the geopolitics of fresh water; while some countries paid high opportunity cost and negative spillovers due to their geostrategic location and the resulting geopolitics of international relations, such as Pakistan (Nasir, Rehman,& Orakzai, 2012;Flint, 2017;Braithwaite & D'Costa, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If state functions under influence of such pressure groups, it can't engage all stake holders, causing segregation in society. Militant groups are provided with arms and ammunitions to participate in war like situation and when such groups return their homeland and try to exercise similar tactics of negotiation and bargain, by the use of force it promotes prejudice and hatred in society(Braithwaite & D'Costa, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolitics of International Relations, Ethnic Polarization and Internal Conflict

Saima¹

2019

SEC

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Geostrategic position of a country not just creates opportunities in form of bilateral and multilateral collaborations, it may also pose stern long term concerns and spillover effects in terms of insecurity and conflict. Pakistan, if not a classic example, is a typical case of continually high geopolitics of international relations: its geostrategic location had been praised by international players during the cold war regime through financial assistance; it was encouraged to take part during the Russian invasion in Afghanistan in late 70’s; and was compelled to play the role of ‘front line state’ in the war against terrorism, in the aftermath of the 9/ 11 incidence, in 2001. Early attempts of establishing rebel groups based upon ethnic identity to fight in Afghanistan, while launching of ruthless military operations after 9/11 incidence, against same rebel groups who fought in Afghanistan during the Russian invasion, causing either undue leverage to specific ethnic minorities at one point in time or extreme repression at later stage of history. In order to pretest impact of geopolitics of International Relations upon conflict, and if the interplay of geopolitics with ‘ethnic polarization’ affected ‘internal conflict’, several econometric models have been estimated. Along with testing the impact of geopolitical importance and its interplay with ethnic polarization in distressing peace, other important propositions in estimated models include, how ‘external conflict’, ‘institutional efficacies’, and the ‘role of military in politics’, caused adversity of ‘Internal conflict’, in Pakistan. In order to ensure concurrent validity of econometric models, alternative regressands namely ratings of ‘Civil War’ and ‘Internal Conflict’ have been used. Keeping in view ordinal scaling of regressands, cautions in dealing with heteroscedasticity and potentially lagged impact of regressors, Ordered-probit, Ordered Logit, Quantile regression, Robust Regression, and Prais-Winsten models are estimated. Estimated models strongly approved the notion that ‘geopolitics of international relations’ and ‘geopolitics of International Relations’ in interaction with ‘Ethnic polarization’, have had a considerable and statistically significant temporal impact upon ‘internal conflict’ and rating of ‘civil war’, in context of Pakistan. Other significant factors that contributed to adversity of peace are ‘external conflict’, ‘role of military in politics’, ‘illegitimacy of the state actions’/ ‘institutional inefficacies’ and ‘religious polarization’. Keywords: geopolitics of international relations, war against terrorism, internal conflict, ethnic polarization, ordered-probit model, robust regression, Prais-Winsten regression.

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Cascades of Violence: War, Crime and Peacebuilding Across South Asia

Cited by 54 publications

References 236 publications

Regulatory Mix, Collective Efficacy, and Crimes of the Powerful

Regulatory Mix, Collective Efficacy, and Crimes of the Powerful

Real Lives and Lost Lives: Making Sense of ‘Locked in’ Responses to Intimate Partner Homicide

Geopolitics of International Relations, Ethnic Polarization and Internal Conflict

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