A comprehensive review on hydrogen production and utilization in North America: Prospects and challenges

Avargani, Vahid Madadi; Zendehboudi, Sohrab; Saady, Noori M. Cata; Dusseault, Maurice B.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115927

Cited by 71 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 356 publications

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“…About 76% of the H 2 generated globally is from SMR hydrocarbons. The SMR systems integrated with CO 2 capture, utilization, and storage have low CO 2 emissions with affordable cost and developed technology compared with other H 2 generation techniques (i.e., coal and renewable energy). ,, Integrating this method to produce H 2 in systems that use LNG regasification for precooling can reduce the SEC. Figure illustrates the layout of a hybrid H 2 liquefaction system with an SMR plant integrated with the LNG cold recovery terminal.…”

Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, H 2 is naturally bonded with other elements (carbon and oxygen) and cannot be uncovered in its free state . The share of principal feedstock for H 2 production includes natural gas (49%), crude oil (29%), coal (18%), and electrolysis (4%). , Figure illustrates different techniques of H 2 production. Nowadays, reforming (hydrocarbons/alcohols), gasification processes (coal/fossil fuels), and partial oxidation (fossil fuel) have the most significant shares in H 2 production techniques. ,− The principal challenges for the techniques are the high SEC and CO 2 emissions to the surroundings. , Water electrochemical processes are yet under expansion and can be integrated with carbon-free sources (tidal/solar/wind/geothermal) to provide an eco-friendly system .…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Characteristics Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The share of principal feedstock for H 2 production includes natural gas (49%), crude oil (29%), coal (18%), and electrolysis (4%). , Figure illustrates different techniques of H 2 production. Nowadays, reforming (hydrocarbons/alcohols), gasification processes (coal/fossil fuels), and partial oxidation (fossil fuel) have the most significant shares in H 2 production techniques. ,− The principal challenges for the techniques are the high SEC and CO 2 emissions to the surroundings. , Water electrochemical processes are yet under expansion and can be integrated with carbon-free sources (tidal/solar/wind/geothermal) to provide an eco-friendly system . Electrothermochemical systems such as copper–chlorine, − magnesium–chloride, − iron–chlorine, , zinc–sulfur–iodine, − and vanadium–chlorine , and bio-H 2 via biological methods can be promising processes for H 2 production in the future.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Characteristics Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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The main challenges of liquid hydrogen (H2) storage as one of the most promising techniques for large-scale transport and long-term storage include its high specific energy consumption (SEC), low exergy efficiency, high total expenses, and boil-off gas losses. This article reviews different approaches to improving H2 liquefaction methods, including the implementation of absorption cooling cycles (ACCs), ejector cooling units, liquid nitrogen/liquid natural gas (LNG)/liquid air cold energy recovery, cascade liquefaction processes, mixed refrigerant systems, integration with other structures, optimization algorithms, combined with renewable energy sources, and the pinch strategy. This review discusses the economic, safety, and environmental aspects of various improvement techniques for H2 liquefaction systems in more detail. Standards and codes for H2 liquefaction technologies are presented, and the current status and future potentials of H2 liquefaction processes are investigated. The cost-efficient H2 liquefaction systems are those with higher production rates (>100 tonne/day), higher efficiency (>40%), lower SEC (<6 kWh/kgLH2), and lower investment costs (1–2 $/kgLH2). Increasing the stages in the conversion of ortho- to para-H2 lowers the SEC and increases the investment costs. Moreover, using low-temperature waste heat from various industries and renewable energy in the ACC for precooling is significantly more efficient than electricity generation in power generation cycles to be utilized in H2 liquefaction cycles. In addition, the substitution of LNG cold recovery for the precooling cycle is associated with the lower SEC and cost compared to its combination with the precooling cycle.

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Section: Different Methods To Improve the Performance Of Hydrogen Liq...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Chemical Characteristics Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Chemical Characteristics Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2023

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“…Implementing a large-scale hydrogen storage and distribution unit is considered a major challenge due to the low energy density of H 2 in the gas phase . There are several methods for hydrogen storage, such as physical storage (i.e., compressed/liquid/two-phase), material-based storage (i.e., physical/chemical adsorption), and chemical-based storage (i.e., in the form of ammonia derivatives, methanol, and formic acid). − For large-scale H 2 storage and transportation, the liquefaction and chemical storage methods are believed to be the proper solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Structure for Co-generation of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Formic Acid, and Methanol with Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

et al. 2023

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Chemical storage of hydrogen, originated from renewable energy, is one of the most efficient and reliable methods to absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and easily transport large-scale energy to remote areas. In this study, a novel integration of an electro-thermochemical process with industrial flue gas thermal energy and wind turbines is proposed to absorb CO 2 and store chemically hydrogen in the form of methanol, formic acid, and ammonium bicarbonate. The proposed hybrid structure includes a post-combustion CO 2 capture technology, a copper−chlorine thermochemical process, and several ammonium bicarbonate, formic acid, and methanol production cycles. The proposed configuration produces 2597 kg/h methanol, 5270 kg/h ammonium bicarbonate, and 833.3 kg/h formic acid. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed layout are computed at 63.68 and 66.82%, respectively. The exergy analysis depicts that three processes of electro-thermochemical, methanol production, and post-combustion CO 2 capture have the greatest destructed exergy contributions among other subsections to the amounts of 40.85, 30.16, and 7.97%, respectively. The verification, validation, and sensitivity analyses, along with a multi-objective optimization protocol (i.e., a hybrid neural network and a genetic algorithm), are also used to evaluate the proposed system. The objective functions, decision variables, and constraints for the optimization phase are determined through sensitivity analysis. Several multi-criteria decision evaluation methods are employed to prioritize and choose the optimal point from the Pareto set. The electrical power supplied from the wind turbines as well as the auxiliary power supply, and the energy and exergy efficiencies calculated based on the TOPSIS/LINAMP techniques are 9.90 MW, 89.23, and 67.27%, respectively. In addition, the power consumption, energy, and exergy efficiencies at the optimal operating condition, calculated using the

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“…Hydrogen (H 2 ) is considered as a renewable clean energy that shows great potential in the replacement of fossil energy. , The only combustion product of hydrogen is water, which can regenerate H 2 by an environmentally friendly electrolysis process and construct a closed loop between them . The electrolysis of water contains two half-reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. , The overpotential of OER is much higher than that of the opposite, which seriously hinders the efficiency of hydrogen generation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating Commercial Nickel Foam to a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction through a Three-Step Surface Reconstruction

Gao,

Yang,

Fan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A comprehensive review on hydrogen production and utilization in North America: Prospects and challenges

Cited by 71 publications

References 356 publications

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Strategies To Improve the Performance of Hydrogen Storage Systems by Liquefaction Methods: A Comprehensive Review

Multi-objective Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Structure for Co-generation of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Formic Acid, and Methanol with Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

Activating Commercial Nickel Foam to a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction through a Three-Step Surface Reconstruction

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