Multi-objective Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Structure for Co-generation of Ammonium Bicarbonate, Formic Acid, and Methanol with Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

Abstract

Chemical storage of hydrogen, originated from renewable energy, is one of the most efficient and reliable methods to absorb carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and easily transport large-scale energy to remote areas. In this study, a novel integration of an electro-thermochemical process with industrial flue gas thermal energy and wind turbines is proposed to absorb CO 2 and store chemically hydrogen in the form of methanol, formic acid, and ammonium bicarbonate. The proposed hybrid structure includes a post-combustion CO 2 capture technology, a copper−chlorine thermochemical process, and several ammonium bicarbonate, formic acid, and methanol production cycles. The proposed configuration produces 2597 kg/h methanol, 5270 kg/h ammonium bicarbonate, and 833.3 kg/h formic acid. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed layout are computed at 63.68 and 66.82%, respectively. The exergy analysis depicts that three processes of electro-thermochemical, methanol production, and post-combustion CO 2 capture have the greatest destructed exergy contributions among other subsections to the amounts of 40.85, 30.16, and 7.97%, respectively. The verification, validation, and sensitivity analyses, along with a multi-objective optimization protocol (i.e., a hybrid neural network and a genetic algorithm), are also used to evaluate the proposed system. The objective functions, decision variables, and constraints for the optimization phase are determined through sensitivity analysis. Several multi-criteria decision evaluation methods are employed to prioritize and choose the optimal point from the Pareto set. The electrical power supplied from the wind turbines as well as the auxiliary power supply, and the energy and exergy efficiencies calculated based on the TOPSIS/LINAMP techniques are 9.90 MW, 89.23, and 67.27%, respectively. In addition, the power consumption, energy, and exergy efficiencies at the optimal operating condition, calculated using the

Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Innovative Integrated System for Cogeneration of Liquid Hydrogen and Biomethane by a Cryogenic-Based Biogas Upgrading Cycle and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis

“…One of the important challenges related to storing H 2 in the form of liquid H 2 (LH 2 ) and liquid biomethane is their high energy consumption. Multiproduct H 2 storage systems aim to enhance process efficiency and promote environmental sustainability, resulting in substantial cost savings and reduced waste production . Numerous studies have been conducted in recent years on the production of LH 2 and liquefied natural gas (LNG) using biomass as a feedstock.…”

“…Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, significantly contribute to air pollution and GHGe, resulting in environmental degradation and climate change. 8 Nuclear energy is recognized as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density. Nuclear energy sources can provide/offer substantial amounts of cost-effective and reliable energy while maintaining a considerably lower carbon footprint compared to fossil fuels.…”

“…Current energy sources such as fossil and nuclear fuels face various challenges that demand a reassessment of the energy landscape. Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, significantly contribute to air pollution and GHGe, resulting in environmental degradation and climate change . Nuclear energy is recognized as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density.…”

Economic Appraisal and Enhanced Efficiency Optimization for Liquid Methanol Production Process

“…In a particular investigation, a novel electro-thermochemical process leveraging industrial flue gas thermal energy and wind turbines was conceptualized for the dual purposes of CO 2 absorption and hydrogen storage via methanol, formic acid, and ammonium bicarbonate [24]. The validity, verification, and exploration of sensitivities were supplemented by the integration of a multi-objective optimization methodology combining a hybrid neural network and a genetic algorithm, thereby facilitating an all-encompassing evaluation of the proposed system.…”

Reviews on Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Dehydrogenation and Recycling of Formic Acid: Progress and Perspectives

“…Although the above energy system meets the characteristics of being green and renewable, its further application is hindered by the constraints of geographical environments and other conditions. Hydrogen as a new ideal energy carrier is widely regarded as the most promising new energy in the 21st century because of its advantages such as clean, efficient, renewable, wide sources, easy storage, and transportation. − …”