A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica

Lamas, Alexandre; Miranda, José M.; Regal, Patricia; Vázquez, Beatriz; Franco, Carlos; Cepeda, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.010

Cited by 206 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…This was not the case in our results, as the group of 'non-enterica' subspecies represented the 59% of the isolates. These subspecies are usually found in cold-blooded animals and the main route of transmission to other animals is the consumption of their meat or the use of these animals as pets in the case of humans (Lamas et al, 2018). However, some serotypes from these subspecies, specially arizonae, diarizonae and salamanae, are also adapted to warm-blooded animals, either wild mammals and birds or domestic animals (Bonke et al, 2012;Botti et al, 2013;Chiari et al, 2013;Evangelopoulou, Kritas, Govaris, & Burriel, 2014;Lamas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces of wild boar from Spain and genetic relationship between isolates

Molino

Sánchez²,

Risco³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Summary The importance of wild boars as game species in Spain is well known. Their feeding habits and intrusive behaviour, together with a progressively wider spreading of populations, increases the interactions of these animals with livestock and humans. Considering that wild boars could have a potential role in the transmission of certain pathogens as salmonellae, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in wild boars hunted in central‐western Spain, the occurrence of this pathogen in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces (as markers for transmission risk), and to define the phylogenetic relationships among isolated strains, in order to investigate the circulation pathways of bacteria among tissues, animals and estates. Samples from 1,041 hunted wild boars were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. by bacteriological culture. Isolates were confirmed by PCR and serotyped in the Spanish national reference laboratory. The genetic relationships between strains were determined by PFGE. The results showed a 7.7% of positive animals (81 wild boars), being tonsils the organ most frequently colonised by Salmonella spp. (18.7%), followed by lymph nodes (5.1%) and faecal samples (2.9%). Serovars Enteritidis and Newport were the most frequent amongst the 34 different serovars obtained. The pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) analysis showed a great genetic diversity, with serovars that exhibited different pulsotypes when isolated from different estates and multiple serovars in the same estate. In conclusion, this study reveals the importance of wild boars as carriers and possible transmitters of virulent and/or antimicrobial‐resistant clones of Salmonella spp. to livestock and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces of wild boar from Spain and genetic relationship between isolates

Molino

Sánchez²,

Risco³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The existing research tends to use Salmonella Typhimurium to study the interaction between host autophagic activity and bacterial invasion. However, Salmonella Enteritidis, which belongs to another Salmonella serotype, could be much difference from Salmonella Typhimurium in host-adaptability, virulence, intracellular survival and so on (47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Enteritidis Effector AvrA Suppresses Autophagy by Reducing Beclin-1 Protein

et al. 2020

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Autophagy is a cellular process to clear pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E) has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens. However, major studies still focus on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here, we reported that AvrA, a S. Enteritidis effector, inhibited autophagy to promote bacterial survival in the host. We found that AvrA regulates the conversion of LC3 I into LC3 II and the enrichment of lysosomes. Beclin-1, a key molecular regulator of autophagy, was decreased after AvrA expressed strain colonization. In S.E-AvrA − -infected cells, we found the increases of protein levels of p-JNK and p-c-Jun and the transcription level of AP-1. AvrA-reduction of Beclin-1 protein expression is through the JNK pathway. The JNK inhibitor abolished the AvrA-reduced Beclin-1 protein expression. Moreover, we identified that the AvrA mutation C186A abolished its regulation of Beclin-1 expression. In addition AvrA protein was found interacted with Beclin-1. In organoids and infected mice, we explored the physiologically related effects and mechanism of AvrA in reducing Beclin-1 through the JNK pathway, thus attenuating autophagic responses. This finding not only indicates an important role of S. Enteritidis effector in reducing host protein as a strategy to suppress autophagy, but also suggests manipulating autophagy as a new strategy to treat infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Enteritidis Effector AvrA suppresses autophagy by reducing Beclin-1 protein

Jiao

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Autophagy is a cellular process to clear pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S.E) has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens.However, major studies still focus on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Here, we reported that AvrA, a S. Enteritidis effector, inhibited autophagy to promote bacterial survival in the host. We found that AvrA regulates the conversion of LC3 I into LC3 II and the enrichment of lysosomes. Beclin-1, a key molecular regulator of autophagy, was decreased after AvrA expressed strain colonization. In S.E-AvrA--infected cells, we found the increases of protein levels of p-JNK and p-c-Jun and the transcription level of AP-1. AvrA-reduction of Beclin-1 protein expression is through the JNK pathway. The JNK inhibitor abolished the AvrA-reduced Beclin-1 protein expression. Moreover, we identified that the AvrA mutation C186A abolished its regulation of Beclin-1 expression.In addition, AvrA protein interacted with Beclin-1. In organoids and infected mice, we explored the physiologically related effects and mechanism of AvrA in reducing Beclin-1 through the JNK pathway, thus attenuating autophagic responses. Importance:Salmonella Enteritidis is an important pathogen with a public health concern and farm production risk, yet the host-pathogen interactions that govern the survival of S.Enteritidis infections are incompletely understood. Anti-bacterial autophagy provides potent cell-autonomous immunity against bacterial colonization. Here, we report that a new role for effector AvrA of S. Enteritidis in the reduction of Beclin-1 protein expression through the JNK pathway and the attenuation of the autophagic response in intestinal epithelial cells. This finding not only indicates an important role of S. Enteritidis effector in reducing host protein as a strategy to suppress autophagy, but also suggests manipulating autophagy as a new strategy to treat infectious diseases.3

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A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica

Cited by 206 publications

References 137 publications

Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces of wild boar from Spain and genetic relationship between isolates

Prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. in tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes and faeces of wild boar from Spain and genetic relationship between isolates

Salmonella Enteritidis Effector AvrA Suppresses Autophagy by Reducing Beclin-1 Protein

Salmonella Enteritidis Effector AvrA suppresses autophagy by reducing Beclin-1 protein

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