A comprehensive review of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum: ecology, pathology and prevention

Abstract

Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high‐priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.

Vibrogen‐2 vaccine trial in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum

“…The natural route of V. anguillarum infection is likely through mucosa(e.g., skin and orogastric infection) and skin lesion (Hickey & Lee, ), and although Vibrogen‐2 did not conferred immune protection against the i.p. challenge, this vaccine is still a useful tool to delay natural outbreaks.…”

“…Aquaculture losses due to V. anguillarum have been reaching magnitudes as high as 100% (Austin, Austin, Sutherland, Thompson, & Swings, ; Larsen, Pedersen, & Dalsgaard, ; Reynolds, ). V. anguillarum was first isolated from infected eels during 1909 (Naka & Crosa, ) and since then has been reported in several fish species, including lumpfish (Brooker et al, ; Hickey & Lee, ). V. anguillarum outbreaks in lumpfish have been detected in Scotland, Norway and Canada (Breiland et al, ; Gulla et al, ; Marcos‐Lopez, Donald, Stagg, & Mccarthy, ; Powell et al, ; Vasquez et al, ).…”

Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling, Lates calcarifer

“…Live attenuated bacterial pathogens are usually considered effective vaccine candidates that stimulate the cell‐mediated, humoral and mucosal immunities (Shoemaker, Klesius, Evans, & Arias, ). Furthermore, bath vaccination is believed to be the best route for live attenuated vaccines in small‐sized teleost fish (Hickey & Lee, ). Following bath vaccination, the duration of bacterial viability and extent of bacterial dissemination in fish organs are measured by a quantitative analysis of the bacterial load (Al‐Harbi & Uddin, ; Neely et al, ).…”

Antimicrobial activity oftrans-cinnamic acid and commonly used antibiotics against important fish pathogens and nonpathogenic isolates

“…The inoculum was streaked over the surface of agar plates with a sterile cotton applicator. Using sterile forceps, sterile sensitivity blank discs (6 mm diameter; Oxoid TM ) were impregnated with 20 ll of diluted trans-cinnamic acid corresponding to 2 mg per disc (Hassan et al 2016). Negative controls were prepared by soaking the disc with ethanol only.…”