Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated
            <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>
            against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling,
            <i>Lates calcarifer</i>

Chin, Yong Kit; Al‐saari, Nurhidayu; Zulperi, Zarirah; Mohd‐Aris, Aslizah; Salleh, Annas; Silvaraj, Santha; Mohamad, Aslah; Lee, JingYie; Zamri‐Saad, Mohd; Ina‐Salwany, Yasin

doi:10.1111/are.14386

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Following challenge after four weeks, an RPS of 52% was recorded (Mohd-Aris et al 2019). A live-attenuated V. harveyi culture MVh_vhs (LAVh) was used in a 1-h bath with Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings leading to 68% survival after challenge (Chin et al 2020).…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Zhang

Austin

2020

Mar Life Sci Technol

188

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Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariae and V. trachuri as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyi is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyi may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyi may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Zhang

Austin

2020

Mar Life Sci Technol

188

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“…Chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) were high in the gut after vaccination. The CCL4 is one of the chemo-attractant cytokines that regulate the relocation of immune cells in tissue and is crucial for innate immunity [ 36 ], and the MHC I molecules are crucial for representing peptide antigens on antigen-presenting cells of innate immunity to CD8 + T-lymphocytes (cytotoxic T cell) of adaptive immunity in teleost fish [ 77 , 78 ]. The higher expression of CCL4 in the gut following oral vaccination with the feed-based whole-cell polyvalent vaccine could be related to the high population of lymphocytes in the gut after oral vaccination [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, high expression of MHC I in the gut may be related to the high expression of CCL4 as a study by Sun et al [ 79 ], which reported that high expression of CCL4 induces up-regulation of MHC I in silverfish, Trachinotus ovatus. Other than that, it may be because the abundance of T- lymphocytes (T cells) after oral vaccination with the feed-based polyvalent as T cells are abundant in teleost mucosal tissue [ 36 ]. Finally, the dendritic cell, a type of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that act as a bridge that connects innate immune recognition and specific immune memory, is also highly expressed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gene expression results are similar to other research on fish vaccinations, such as a study by Sun et al [ 44 ], which reported vaccination with VhhP2 induced the expression of several immune-related genes, especially those encoding MHC. Another study by Chin et al [ 36 ] on the efficacy of bath vaccination with a live-attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass showed higher expressions of the CCL4 and MHC I genes than the control after 12 h vaccination. Similar results with C3 gene expression in Bao et al [ 80 ] were reported to be highly expressed in turbots after vaccination with combined live Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella piscicida vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Vaccine Efficacy of a Newly Developed Feed-Based Whole-Cell Polyvalent Vaccine against Vibriosis, Streptococcosis and Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

et al. 2021

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Multiple infections of several bacterial species are often observed under natural farm conditions. The infections would cause a much more significant loss compared to a single infectious agent. Vaccination is an essential strategy to prevent diseases in aquaculture, and oral vaccination has been proposed as a promising technique since it requires no handling of the fish and is easy to perform. This research attempts to develop and evaluate a potential feed-based polyvalent vaccine that can be used to treat multiple infections by Vibrios spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, and Aeromonas hydrophila, simultaneously. The oral polyvalent vaccine was prepared by mixing formalin-killed vaccine of V. harveyi, S. agalactiae, and A. hydrophila strains with commercial feed pellet, and palm oil as an adjuvant was added to improve their antigenicity. Thereafter, a vaccinated feed pellet was tested for feed quality analysis in terms of feed stability in water, proximate nutrient analysis, and palatability, safety, and growth performance using Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer as a fish host model. For immune response analysis, a total of 300 Asian seabass juveniles (15.8 ± 2.6 g) were divided into two groups in triplicate. Fish of group 1 were not vaccinated, while group 2 was vaccinated with the feed-based polyvalent vaccine. Vaccinations were carried out on days 0 and 14 with oral administration of the feed containing the bacterin at 5% body weight. Samples of serum for antibody and lysozyme study and the spleen and gut for gene expression analysis were collected at 7-day intervals for 6 weeks. Its efficacy in protecting fish was evaluated in aquarium challenge. Following vaccination by the polyvalent feed-based vaccine, IgM antibody levels showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum against Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Streptococcus agalactiae and reached the peak at week 3, 5, and 6, respectively. The high-stimulated antibody in the serum remained significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) at the end of the 6 weeks vaccination trial. Not only that, but the serum lysozyme level was also increased significantly at week 4 (p < 0.05) as compared to the control treatment. The immune-related gene, dendritic cells, C3, Chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) showed significantly higher expression (p < 0.05) after the fish were vaccinated with the oral vaccine. In the aquarium challenge, the vaccine provided a relative percentage survival of 75 ± 7.1%, 80 ± 0.0%, and 80 ± 0.0% after challenge with V. harveyi, A. hydrophila, and S. agalactiae, respectively. Combining our results demonstrate that the feed-based polyvalent vaccine could elicit significant innate and adaptive immunological responses, and this offers an opportunity for a comprehensive immunization against vibriosis, streptococcosis, and motile aeromonad septicemia in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Nevertheless, this newly developed feed-based polyvalent vaccination can be a promising technique for effective and large-scale fish immunization in the aquaculture industry shortly.

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“…The next day, the suspension was tested for complete inactivation by plating onto TSA with 5% goat blood (Oxoid). No growth confirmed complete inactivation [15].…”

Section: Preparation Of Formalin-killed Vibrio Harveyi (Fkvh) Vaccinementioning

confidence: 96%

Efficacy of Whole Cell Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine against Vibriosis in a Marine Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) Model

et al. 2020

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Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in various commercial marine fish species. The infection leads to significant economic losses for aquaculture farms, and vaccination is an alternative approach for the prevention and control of fish diseases for aquaculture sustainability. This study describes the use of formalin-killed Vibrio harveyi (FKVh) strain Vh1 as a vaccine candidate to stimulate innate and adaptive immunities against vibriosis in a marine red hybrid tilapia model. Tilapia are fast growing; cheap; resistant to diseases; and tolerant to adverse environmental conditions of fresh water, brackish water, and marine water and because of these advantages, marine red hybrid tilapia is a suitable candidate as a model to study fish diseases and vaccinations against vibriosis. A total of 180 healthy red hybrid tilapias were gradually adapted to the marine environment before being divided into two groups, with 90 fish in each group and were kept in triplicate with 30 fish per tank. Group 1 was vaccinated intraperitoneally with 100 µL of FKVh on week 0, and a booster dose was similarly administered on week 2. Group 2 was similarly injected with PBS. Skin mucus, serum, and gut lavage were collected weekly for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lysozyme activity assay from a total of 30 fish of each group. On week 4, the remaining 60 fish of Groups 1 and 2 were challenged with 108 cfu/fish of live Vibrio harveyi. The clinical signs were monitored while the survival rate was recorded for 48 h post-challenge. Vaccination with FKVh resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of survival (87%) compared to the control (20%). The IgM antibody titer and lysozyme activities of Group 1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the unvaccinated Groups 2 in most weeks throughout the experiment. Therefore, the intraperitoneal exposure of marine red hybrid tilapia to killed V. harveyi enhanced the resistance and antibody response of the fish against vibriosis.

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Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling, Lates calcarifer

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Vaccine Efficacy of a Newly Developed Feed-Based Whole-Cell Polyvalent Vaccine against Vibriosis, Streptococcosis and Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer

Efficacy of Whole Cell Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine against Vibriosis in a Marine Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus) Model

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