A comparison study of hyaluronic acid hydrogel exquisite micropatterns with photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods

Abstract

The microstructure design of hydrogel materials offers a broad range of practical applications and is extensively used in flexible sensors, polymer microneedles, microfluidic chips, and other biomedical engineering fields. Among the bio-sourced hydrogels, oligomeric hyaluronic acid (HA) possesses wound healing, anti-tumor, and angiogenesis properties. However, micropatterning soft hydrogels, such as HA-relative hydrogels containing 90% water by weight, continue to pose difficulties for both high precision and micro-scale lithography. The purpose of this study was to compare the photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods of methacryloyl HA hydrogel (HAMA-gel) to those for synthetic light-curable polymer resins. Photolithography and light-cured inkjet printing methods with designed scale, high resolution, and little processing times were used to effectively prepare micropatterns of HAMA-gel. The well-shaped micropatterns consisted of parallel channels in tens of micrometers and strip/grid lines in the hundreds of micrometers. Human vein endothelial cells cultured on the material’s surface demonstrated that HAMA-gel had good biocompatibility. The width of the flow channel (10 and 20 µm) was regulated on the surface of the microstructure to allow for simultaneous control of cell growth along the flow channel and groove directions.

Emergence of integrated biosensing-enabled digital healthcare devices

“…Table 1 lists some innovative designs and methods reported for the development of sensor technologies. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Understanding various mechanisms through methodogical investigation is important. Here, 3D printed CNT electrodes, distinct interaction, Janus 2D materials, biomimetic receptor, pH-sensitive drug sensing, hematopoietic stem cell differentiations are some of the unique processes involved in developing methods for sensing purposes.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24][25] Diverse methods of detection, such as photolithography, imaging, cardio-mechanical signal detection, posture detection based on wearable devices, selfpowered tetherless detection, and silicate-based electroconductive mechanisms, are used in different studies. [26][27][28][29][30][31] They offer a solution to issues related to the lifethreatening potential by the delayed treatment of diseases and complications due to the fact that not all segments of human society have the financial means to pay for such specialized diagnoses. Physiological, aural, gustatory, olfactory, and haptic stimuli, as well as touch, taste, and smell experiences, and other sensory experiences in the environment or on the human body, can be useful in today's world and can be exploited in sensing applications.…”

Microneedles Based on a Biodegradable Polymer—Hyaluronic Acid

“…The esterification reaction was carried out with pentaerythritol and N-acetyl-l-cysteine to form this crosslinking agent (SH-CA). Due to the combination and reaction between HAMA and SH-CA, it was possible to cure the hyaluronic acid-based gel with UV light [86,87].…”

3D-Printed Hydrogel for Diverse Applications: A Review

“…Peng et al [73] demonstrated the surface patterning of hydrogels using ion inkjet printing, enabling programmable and complex shape deformations. Additionally, Duffy et al [74] presented a 3D reactive inkjet printing method for poly-ɛ-lysine/gellan gum hydrogels, showing promise for potential corneal constructs. Table 5 summarizes various inkjet-based 3D-printed hydrogels for diverse Recent advancements in 3D inkjet printing technology have paved the way for fabricating intricate, cell-laden hydrogel structures, opening up new possibilities in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery [67,68].…”

“…Peng et al [73] demonstrated the surface patterning of hydrogels using ion inkjet printing, enabling programmable and complex shape deformations. Additionally, Duffy et al [74] presented a 3D reactive inkjet printing method for poly-ε-lysine/gellan gum hydrogels, showing promise for potential corneal constructs. Table 5 summarizes various inkjet-based 3D-printed hydrogels for diverse applications.…”