A Comparison Review on Transmission Mode for Onshore Integration of Offshore Wind Farms: HVDC or HVAC

Rahman, Syed; Khan, Irfan; Alkhammash, Hend I.; Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal

doi:10.3390/electronics10121489

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…In the asynchronous interconnection, the operating frequencies of both the interconnected power grids may be the same or different. The present scenario of large power grid interconnection implemented around the world includes AC synchronous interconnection, HVDC asynchronous interconnection including LCC-HVDC, VSC-HVDC light and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) [41,42] and Variable Frequency Transformer (VFT) based AC asynchronous interconnection. Moreover, some grid interconnection technologies are also proposed in the literature, including High-Frequency AC Link and Flexible Asynchronous AC Link (FASAL) system.…”

Section: Current Trends Of Power Grid Interconnection Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction

Imdadullah¹,

Alamri

et al. 2021

Electronics

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An interconnection of electric power networks enables decarbonization of the electricity system by harnessing and sharing large amounts of renewable energy. The highest potential renewable energy areas are often far from load centers, integrated through long-distance transmission interconnections. The transmission interconnection mitigates the variability of renewable energy sources by importing and exporting electricity between neighbouring regions. This paper presents an overview of regional and global energy consumption trends by use of fuel. A large power grid interconnection, including renewable energy and its integration into the utility grid, and globally existing large power grid interconnections are also presented. The technologies used for power grid interconnections include HVAC, HVDC (including LCC, VSC comprising of MMC-VSC, HVDC light), VFT, and newly proposed FASAL are discussed with their potential projects. Future trends of grid interconnection, including clean energy initiatives and developments, UHV AC and DC transmission systems, and smart grid developments, are presented in detail. A review of regional and global initiatives in the context of a sustainable future by implementing electric energy interconnections is presented. It presents the associated challenges and benefits of globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental interconnectors. Finally, in this paper, research directions in clean and sustainable energy, smart grid, UHV transmission systems that facilitate the global future grid interconnection goal are addressed.

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Section: Current Trends Of Power Grid Interconnection Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction

Imdadullah¹,

Alamri

et al. 2021

Electronics

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“…The power is transmitted to the onshore grid either using HVAC or HVDC transmission cables, depending on the transmission distance. The HVDC transmission has proven to be advantageous over AC transmission to transmit bulk and large power, especially in offshore wind farms [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Curtailment Analysis of DC Series–Parallel Offshore Wind Farms

Lakshmanan

2022

Wind

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This paper analyzes one of the most important power capture challenges of the DC series–parallel collection system, called the power curtailment losses. The wind speed difference between the series-connected turbines causes over- and under-voltage conditions in the output voltage of the MVDC (medium-voltage DC) converters of the wind turbine. The power curtailment losses caused by the upper-voltage tolerance levels of the MVDC converters of the wind turbines are analyzed considering a redundancy-based upper-voltage limiting condition. This analysis emphasizes the importance of choosing suitable voltage tolerance levels for the MVDC converters of wind turbines based on the wind farm configuration. The annual energy curtailment losses are quantified and evaluated by a comparative case study performed on a DC series–parallel-connected wind farm rated at 200 MW with the redundancy-based upper-voltage limiting condition.

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“…Combined with the traditional high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) system, the AC/DC transmission system with high-proportion wind power will be an important development trend of the power system [4,5]. However, the HVDC-CF is one of the most typical faults in the AC/DC transmission system [6]; the CF will cause the power of the HVDC system to drop significantly at the same time, and the power flow of the system will be transferred in a large range, resulting in an overload phenomenon in the HVAC system [7,8]. Therefore, how to mitigate the HVDC's subsequent CFs and the large-scale power flow fluctuation in AC/DC transmission systems is an urgent problem to be solved in modern power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active Power Coordination Control Strategy for AC/DC Transmission Systems to Mitigate Subsequent Commutation Failures in HVDC Systems

et al. 2021

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Subsequent commutation failures (CFs) in HVDC systems will cause large-scale power flow transfer in AC/DC transmission systems and lead to overload risk in HVAC systems. In order to cope with these effects, a power coordination control strategy for the AC/DC transmission system with high-proportion wind power is proposed. Firstly, a model of the AC/DC transmission system considering the large-scale wind farms access is established by analyzing the power transmission characteristics of the AC/DC transmission system with high-proportion wind power, and the power transmission characteristics are analyzed after subsequent CFs. Secondly, the HVDC subsequent CFs can be mitigated by adjusting DC power transmission, while the active power output of the sending-end AC system is reduced by active control of wind turbine generators (WTGs) to reduce the overload risk of the HVAC system. Finally, the proposed power coordination control strategy is simulated and verified based on the established simulation model and actual power grid, and the results show that this strategy can effectively mitigate HVDC’s subsequent CFs and reduce the overload risk in HVAC systems.

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A Comparison Review on Transmission Mode for Onshore Integration of Offshore Wind Farms: HVDC or HVAC

Cited by 24 publications

References 57 publications

Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction

Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction

Power Curtailment Analysis of DC Series–Parallel Offshore Wind Farms

An Active Power Coordination Control Strategy for AC/DC Transmission Systems to Mitigate Subsequent Commutation Failures in HVDC Systems

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