A Comparison of the Prevalence of Dementia in the United States in 2000 and 2012

Langa, Kenneth M.; Larson, Eric B.; Crimmins, Eileen M.; Faul, Jessica D.; Levine, Deborah A.; Kabeto, Mohammed U.; Weir, David R.

doi:10.1093/geroni/igx004.3342

Cited by 148 publications

(238 citation statements)

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“…7 However, our prevalence did corroborate with the observations made by Langa, et al who reported that prevalence of dementia decreased from 11.6 percent in 2000 to 8.8 percent in 2012 in the United States. 8 However our results did not corroborate with various other studies like one conducted in Madras City which reported prevalence of 3.5% wherein the authors used cluster sampling technique and highlighted the difficulties in using the Geriatric Mental State schedule (GMS) in non-literate rural population. 9 Similarly studies conducted in semiurban population of Srilanka and Mumbai among geriatric population in semiurban areas also observed lower prevalence of 3.98% and 2.44% respectively which could be attributed to better health care delivery mechanisms and literacy rates.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study on the prevalence of early dementia among geriatric population in a rural area of district Jammu

Sahni

Dewan

Kumar

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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INTRODUCTIONDementia is not a normal part of ageing. Continuous improvements in health care have contributed to longer and healthier life expectancies which also has resulted in an increase in non-communicable diseases especially dementia. Current estimates indicate 35.6 million people worldwide are living with dementia.1 Nearly 60 percent of the burden of dementia is concentrated in low-and middle-income countries. Dementia not only affect individuals, it also affects and changes the lives of family members and caregivers. There is a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia resulting in isolation and stigmatization. Poor knowledge creates barriers to timely diagnosis and accessing ongoing medical and social care, leading to a large gap in treatment and management. Dementia has impact on social, economic, and health domains of individuals. There is very limited research on dementia especially in developing countries and the modifiable risk factors of dementia are even less explored. Though there is no current standard treatment to cure or even alter the course of dementia. The focus should be on early diagnosis, optimising physical health, and cognition, detecting and treating behavioural and psychological symptoms and providing information and long-term support to caregivers.The detection of dementia should be conducted without unduly alarming the patient. In this respect, informant-based assessments ABSTRACT Background: Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. Dementia can no longer be neglected but should be considered as a public health priority especially by those who are involved in framing and implementing various health policies and programmes. Community based screening to detect dementia in undiagnosed individuals is emerging as a promising health promotion strategy. Methods: The present study was an exploratory cross sectional community based study, conducted in rural area of Jammu region in the month of July and August 2016 among all individual aged 60 years or more who were willing to participate in the study. A brief informant-based screening questionnaire, namely the Symptoms of Early Dementia-11 Questionnaire (SED-11Q) for screening of early dementia was used. Results: A total of 129 individuals participated in the study and out of them 18 persons were categorised to be suffering from early dementia using SED-11Q with overall prevalence rate of 13.95%. Dementia was more common among females as compared to males and prevalence of dementia was highest among people belonging to lowermiddle and middle socioeconomic classes. Conclusions: The SED-11Q categorised nearly 13.95% asymptomatic individuals to be suffering from dementia which is an alarming figure considering it as a disease which affects quality of life and contributes to morbidity of affected individuals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study on the prevalence of early dementia among geriatric population in a rural area of district Jammu

Sahni

Dewan

Kumar

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Improvements in overall population health have led to a decreased incidence and prevalence of dementia over the past 10-30 years [145][146][147][148] , perhaps through improved management of cardiovascular risk factors [145][146][147][148] . For example, administration of statins (which reduce peripheral blood cholesterol levels) to healthy middle-aged individuals was associated with a reduced dementia risk in one large-scale prospective cohort study 149 ; statins have also decreased the brain burden of Aβ in experimental models of AD 150 , although the results of most studies of statin treatment in patients with AD have been disappointing 151 .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A systemic view of Alzheimer disease — insights from amyloid-β metabolism beyond the brain

et al. 2017

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The global burden of Alzheimer disease (AD), already the most common type of dementia, is expected to increase still further owing to population ageing. AD not only causes severe distress for patients and caregivers, but also results in a large economic burden on society. Current major challenges in AD include the lack of reliable biomarkers for its early diagnosis, as well as the lack of effective preventive strategies and treatments 1,2 . Thus, increased understanding of the molecular patho genesis of AD could lead to the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.AD is conventionally regarded as a CNS disorder. However, increasing experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence has suggested that manifestations of AD extend beyond the brain. These systemic alterations might not be simply secondary effects of the cerebral degeneration seen in AD, but could reflect under lying processes linked to progression of the disease. AD pathogenesis is complex, involving abnormal amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, reactive glial and microglial changes, and other pathological events. Given that Aβ is a major hallmark of AD and a fertile area of research in this disease, this Review focuses on the systemic role of Aβ in AD. We discuss the communication between peripheral and central pools of Aβ, and describe interactions between systemic abnormalities and AD pathogenesis in the brain. We review emerging findings of associations between systemic abnormalities and Aβ metabolism, and describe how these associations might interact with or reflect on the central pathways of Aβ production and clearance. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that interactions between the brain and the periphery might have a crucial role in the development and progression of AD. Aβ biogenesis and catabolismA steady accrual of data from laboratories and clinics is providing increasing support for the concept that an imbalance between the production and clearance of Aβ is a very early (and often initiating) factor in AD 3 . Normal metabolism of Aβ and maintenance of the homeostatic balance between Aβ production and clearance is, therefore, essential to maintain brain health. In fact, physiological metabolism of Aβ occurs not only in the brain but also in the periphery, and communication between these regions is possible (FIG. 1). Central and peripheral production of AβAβ is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is expressed not only in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes and microglia, but also in peripheral organs and tissues, such as the Abstract | Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and is currently incurable; existing treatments for AD produce only a modest amelioration of symptoms. Research into this disease has conventionally focused on the CNS. However, several peripheral and systemic abnormalities are now understood to be linked to AD, and our understanding of how these alterations contribute to AD is becom...

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“…A number of other nutritional approaches have been tried with limited success (133)(134)(135)(136). Dementia has decreased in the USA most probably because of increased treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (137). At present, the drugs available to treat Alzheimer's disease have been somewhat disappointing.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geriatrics in the 21st century

Vellas

Morley

2018

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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A Comparison of the Prevalence of Dementia in the United States in 2000 and 2012

Cited by 148 publications

References 0 publications

An exploratory study on the prevalence of early dementia among geriatric population in a rural area of district Jammu

An exploratory study on the prevalence of early dementia among geriatric population in a rural area of district Jammu

A systemic view of Alzheimer disease — insights from amyloid-β metabolism beyond the brain

Geriatrics in the 21st century

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