A comparison of the effects of propofol and etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs

Sams, Lisa; Braun, Christina; Allman, David; Hofmeister, Erik H.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00417.x

Cited by 75 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In previous studies, where etomidate and propofol have been compared as induction agents in dogs (Sams and others 2008), a reduction in systolic and mean arterial pressures was reported with propofol, while recoveries with etomidate were longer and poorer (Sams and others 2008). Data in the anaesthetic records of the current study did not show evidence of poorer recoveries in patients following administration of etomidate, although duration of anaesthesia in the current study (median of 135, range 25–230 minutes) was long enough for the effects of etomidate to have worn off.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anaesthetic management and complications of pacemaker implantation in dogs

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to report the anaesthetic management and peri-anaesthetic complications of 57 dogs undergoing pacemaker implantation at a referral institution over 10 years (2002-2012). The median duration of the procedure was 135 minutes (range 25-260 minutes). Patients were classified as American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) III (42 cases) and ASA IV (15 cases). Forty-three patients had third-degree atrioventricular block, and 14 patients had sick sinus syndrome. The anaesthetic protocol most frequently chosen was pethidine (41 cases), etomidate-midazolam (43 cases) and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance (57 cases). Transthoracic external pacing was used (43 cases) until the internal pacing lead was implanted. Atracurium was administered (48 cases) and intermittent positive pressure ventilation was applied in 52 cases. Complications observed included hypothermia (19 cases) and hypotension (5 cases). Three patients died (5.8%, 95% CI 1.1% to 14.6%) within the first 48 hours after termination of anaesthesia. The outcome for this procedure in sick animals appeared generally good though a number of complications were documented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anaesthetic management and complications of pacemaker implantation in dogs

et al. 2014

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“…GABA A receptor activation produces sedation and hypnosis, but limited analgesia and immobilisation (Grasshoff et al 2006). Etomidate is commonly used in human and veterinary medicine as a sedative and for inducing anaesthesia (Ching and Baum 2009;Darrouj et al 2009;Falk and Zed 2004;Sams et al 2008). One of the side effects of the drug in addition to respiratory and cardiovascular depression is suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis, thus leading to an inhibition of cortisol synthesis (Vanden Bossche et al 1984;Wagner et al 1984; man, cow and rat).…”

Section: Metomidatementioning

confidence: 97%

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Zahl

Samuelsen

Kiessling

2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

262

188

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During their life cycle as farmed animals, there are several situations in which fish are subjected to handling and confinement. Netting, weighing, sorting, vaccination, transport and, at the end, slaughter are frequent events under farming conditions. As research subjects, fish may also undergo surgical procedures that range from tagging, sampling and small incisions to invasive procedures. In these situations, treatment with anaesthetic agents may be necessary in order to ensure the welfare of the fish. The main objective of this paper is to review our knowledge of the effects of anaesthetic agents in farmed fish and their possible implications for welfare. As wide variations in response to anaesthesia have been observed both between and within species, special attention has been paid to the importance of secondary factors such as body weight, water temperature and acute stress. In this review, we have limited ourselves to the anaesthetic agents such as benzocaine, metacaine (MS-222), metomidate hydrochloride, isoeugenol, 2-phenoxyethanol and quinaldine. Anaesthetic protocols of fish usually refer to one single agent, whereas protocols of human and veterinary medicine cover combinations of several drugs, each contributing to the effects needed in the anaesthesia. As stress prior to anaesthesia may result in abnormal reactions, pre-anaesthetic sedation is regularly used in order to reduce or avoid stress and is an integral part of the veterinary protocols of higher vertebrates. Furthermore, the anaesthetic agents that are used in order to obtain general anaesthesia are combined with analgesic agents that target nociception. The increased use of such combinations in fish is therefore included as a special section. Anaesthetic agents are widely used to avoid stress during various farming procedures. While several studies report that anaesthetics are effective in reducing the stress associated with confinement and handling, there are indications that anaesthesia may in itself induce a stress response, measured by elevated levels of cortisol. MS-222 has been reported to elicit high cortisol release rates immediately following exposure, while benzocaine causes a bimodal response. Metomidate has an inhibitory effect on cortisol in fish and seems to induce the lowest release of cortisol of the agents reported in the literature. Compared to what is observed following severe stressors such as handling and confinement, the amount of cortisol released in response to anaesthesia appears to be low but may represent an extra load under otherwise stressful circumstances. Furthermore, anaesthetics may cause secondary adverse reactions such as acidosis and osmotic stress due to respiratory arrest and insufficient exchange of gas and ions between the blood and the water. All in all, anaesthetics may reduce stress and thereby improve welfare but can also have unwanted side effects that reduce the welfare of the fish and should therefore always be used with caution. Finally, on the basis of the data reported in the literature and o...

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“…Propofol is a negative inotrope and reduces systemic vascular resistance, causing dose-dependent hypotension. Marked decreases in systemic blood pressure were reported previously 3,27 . Although the dose of propofol administered was higher than in some studies, mean SAP, MAP and DAP after propofol administration were similar to those reported in studies in which lower propofol doses were administered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Propofol is a short-acting, nonbarbiturate sedative drug, which is rapidly metabolized in dogs [1][2][3][4] . Minimal accumulation on repeated or constant administration makes propofol suitable for both the induction and maintenance of anesthesia [5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Propofol-Remifentanil and Propofol-Fentanyl Anesthesia During Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

Kürüm¹,

Pekcan²,

Kalender³

et al. 2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and clinical effects of propofol and remifentanil anesthesia compared to propofol and fentanyl anesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. After premedication with atropine, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with the infusion of propofol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min. Once stable anesthesia was achieved, 1 µg/kg remifentanil or 2 µg/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously, and infusion was begun at a dose of 0.6 µg/kg/min and 0.5 µg/kg/min, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded after propofol administration combined with remifentanil or fentanyl at 10-min intervals, and the quality of anesthesia, return of spontaneous ventilation, head lift and sternal position were also recorded. Apnea was observed after remifentanil and fentanyl administration in all dogs. Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures tended to decrease rapidly after remifentanil and fentanyl administration, and during the first 20 min, in both groups. Although the difference between times was significant, the difference between groups was statistically insignificant. Recovery periods were longer in the fentanyl group than in the remifentanil group. The administration of propofol with remifentanil or fentanyl provides a stable haemodynamic state and depth of anesthesia with a constant infusion, and remifentanil could be preferred to fentanyl when aiming a rapid recovery period. Propofol, Remifentanil, Fentanyl, Anesthesia, Cardiorespiratory, Recovery, Dog Köpeklerde Ovariohisterektomi Operasyonunda Propofol-Remifentanil ve Propofol-Fentanil Anestezisinin Karşılaştırılması Keywords: ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı köpeklerde ovariohysterektomi operasyonunda propofol-remifentanil ile propofol-fentanil anestezisinin etkinliğini ve kardiyorespiratorik etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 16 adet yetişkin, dişi köpek rastgele iki gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Anesteziye atropin ile premedikasyon yapılarak başlandıktan sonra propofol ile indüksiyon yapıldı ve 0.5 mg/kg/dk dozunda propofol infüzyonuna başlandı. Stabil anesteziden sonra ilk gruba 1 µg/kg remifentanil, ikinci gruba 2 µg/kg fentanyl bolus olarak uygulandı. Remifentanil ve fentanil infüzyonu sırasıyla 0.6 µg/kg/dk ve 0.5 µg/kg/dk dozunda devam edildi. Kardiyovasküler değişiklikler propofol sonrası, remifentanil veya fentanil sonrası ve operasyon süresince 10 dakika aralıklarla kaydedildi. Anestezinin derinliği, spontan ventilasyonun başlama, kafayı kaldırma ve sternal pozisyona gelme zamanları kaydedildi. Tüm olgularda remifentanil ve fentanil uygulamasından sonra apnea oluşumu gözlendi. Her iki grupta da kalp atım hızı, sistolik (SAP) ve ortalama arteriyel basınç (MAP) değerlerinin remifentanil ve fentanil uygulanmasından sonra hızla düştüğü ve ilk 20 dakikada düşmeye devam ettiği görüldü. Bu değerlerde zaman içindeki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak kaydedilirken, gruplar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olmadığı ...

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A comparison of the effects of propofol and etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

Anaesthetic management and complications of pacemaker implantation in dogs

Anaesthetic management and complications of pacemaker implantation in dogs

Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare

Comparison of Propofol-Remifentanil and Propofol-Fentanyl Anesthesia During Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

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