Mini titanium plates were used to repair certain fractures of the maxilla and mandible in dogs and cats, under general anaesthesia. The location of the fractures treated were: corpus mandible, one dog; corpus mandible and symphysis, two dogs; caudal mandible, two dogs; rostral mandible, one dog; maxilla, one dog; nasal bone, one dog; corpus mandible and symphysis, one cat; caudal mandible, one cat; and maxilla, one cat. The healing periods varied from 6 to 9 weeks. In seven cases, implants were removed after a period of 3.5 to 18 months. In four cases the implants were left in place. The follow up period was between 8 and 36 months. In ten cases the procedure was successful, however in one case the outcome was not satisfactory due to a broken plate. There were no instances of dental malocclusion, nonunion, malunion, osteomyelitis or soft tissue infection. Eating, playing with toys, a fast transition to solid food and a quick return to normal jaw movements were observed. In our hands, the mini titanium plate fixation system was a safe and effective method for repairing certain maxillary and mandibular fractures in dogs and cats.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and clinical effects of propofol and remifentanil anesthesia compared to propofol and fentanyl anesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. After premedication with atropine, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with the infusion of propofol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min. Once stable anesthesia was achieved, 1 µg/kg remifentanil or 2 µg/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously, and infusion was begun at a dose of 0.6 µg/kg/min and 0.5 µg/kg/min, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded after propofol administration combined with remifentanil or fentanyl at 10-min intervals, and the quality of anesthesia, return of spontaneous ventilation, head lift and sternal position were also recorded. Apnea was observed after remifentanil and fentanyl administration in all dogs. Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures tended to decrease rapidly after remifentanil and fentanyl administration, and during the first 20 min, in both groups. Although the difference between times was significant, the difference between groups was statistically insignificant. Recovery periods were longer in the fentanyl group than in the remifentanil group. The administration of propofol with remifentanil or fentanyl provides a stable haemodynamic state and depth of anesthesia with a constant infusion, and remifentanil could be preferred to fentanyl when aiming a rapid recovery period. Propofol, Remifentanil, Fentanyl, Anesthesia, Cardiorespiratory, Recovery, Dog Köpeklerde Ovariohisterektomi Operasyonunda Propofol-Remifentanil ve Propofol-Fentanil Anestezisinin Karşılaştırılması Keywords: ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı köpeklerde ovariohysterektomi operasyonunda propofol-remifentanil ile propofol-fentanil anestezisinin etkinliğini ve kardiyorespiratorik etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 16 adet yetişkin, dişi köpek rastgele iki gruba (n=8) ayrıldı. Anesteziye atropin ile premedikasyon yapılarak başlandıktan sonra propofol ile indüksiyon yapıldı ve 0.5 mg/kg/dk dozunda propofol infüzyonuna başlandı. Stabil anesteziden sonra ilk gruba 1 µg/kg remifentanil, ikinci gruba 2 µg/kg fentanyl bolus olarak uygulandı. Remifentanil ve fentanil infüzyonu sırasıyla 0.6 µg/kg/dk ve 0.5 µg/kg/dk dozunda devam edildi. Kardiyovasküler değişiklikler propofol sonrası, remifentanil veya fentanil sonrası ve operasyon süresince 10 dakika aralıklarla kaydedildi. Anestezinin derinliği, spontan ventilasyonun başlama, kafayı kaldırma ve sternal pozisyona gelme zamanları kaydedildi. Tüm olgularda remifentanil ve fentanil uygulamasından sonra apnea oluşumu gözlendi. Her iki grupta da kalp atım hızı, sistolik (SAP) ve ortalama arteriyel basınç (MAP) değerlerinin remifentanil ve fentanil uygulanmasından sonra hızla düştüğü ve ilk 20 dakikada düşmeye devam ettiği görüldü. Bu değerlerde zaman içindeki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak kaydedilirken, gruplar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olmadığı ...
The objective of this study was to develop polysorbate 80 coated and Atorvastatin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles and to investigate advantages of coating on nanoparticles for brain delivery of Atorvastatin. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The effects of polymer concentration, PEG content and polysorbate 80 coating on the particle size, drug loading efficiency and release behaviour of nanoparticles were investigated. Additionally, cellular uptake and brain targeting of formulated nanoparticles were studied. Particle sizes were in the range of 30-172 nm depending on formulation parameters. Increasing the polymer concentration significantly increased the nanoparticle size. Decreasing the PEG content from 15% to 5% (w/w) in polymer composition increased the nanoparticle size from 69 to 172 nm. Both coated and uncoated polysorbate 80 nanoparticles were effectively internalised within the endothelial cells. Moreover, both types of nanoparticles were able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and reach the maximum in brain 1 h post injection. It was concluded that these nanoparticles are promising nanosystems for treatment of neurological disorders.
SummaryIn this study Interlocking nails were used in order to fixate the canine femoral fractures and to examine the effects of the implants on fracture healing, clinically and radipgraphically in 19 dogs. The material of the study consisted 19 dogs of medium-large size, which were brought to Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology because of injuries due to various trauma and consequent diaphyseal femur fractures clinically and radiologically. Following general anaesthesia, the broken extremity was operated, a total of 20 interlocking pins of different sizes were placed. Among the pins used with an appropriate diameter and length, 10 were 8-199 mm, 4 were 8-185 mm, 2 were 8-172, 1 was 8-165, 2 were 6-172 mm and another was 6-160 mm, respectively. In order to lock these pins 46, 3.5 mm diameter screws, with different length were used. It was observed that 1 screw in proximal and 1 screw in distal region, didn't hold in the holes of the pins. Statical nailing was performed in all cases but one. Cases were clinically examined for weight bearing and extremity usage and radiologically, the callus tissue development was monitored. As a result; the idea was that interlocking nailing technique was on alternative to plates by creating enough rigidity, to fixate 1/3 diaphyseal femoral fractures in medium and medium-large breed dogs. Keywords: Interlocking nailing, Femur fracture, Fixation techniques, Canine, Dog Köpeklerde Femur Kırıklarında Interlocking Çivisi Uygulamaları; Ondokuz Olguda Klinik Deneyim ve Sonuçlar ÖzetBu çalışmada köpeklerde femur kırıklarında interlocking çivileme sistemi kullanılarak implantın kırık iyileşmesine olan etkileri ve kullanım kolaylığı klinik ve radyolojik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın materyalini Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği'ne getirilen ve yapılan klinik-radyolojik kontrollerde femur kırığı saptanan 19 adet orta-büyük ırktan köpek oluşturmuştur. Hastaların kırıkları genel anestezileri ve rutin operatif hazırlıkları tamamlandıktan sonra, toplam 20 adet, uygun çap ve uzunlukta interlocking çivileri ile onarılmıştır. Çalışmada 10 adet 8 mm çap 199 mm uzunlukta, 4 adet 8 mm çap 185 mm uzunlukta, 2 adet 8 mm çap 172 mm uzunlukta, adet 8 mm çap 165 mm uzunlukta, 2 adet 6 mm çap 172 mm uzunlukta ve bir adet 6 mm çap 160 mm uzunlukta çivi kullanılmıştır. Bu çiviler toplam 46 adet 3.5 mm çaplı farklı uzunluklarda vidalar ile sabitlenmiştir. 44 vida yerini bulurken 1 distal ve 1 proksimal vida çivi üzerindeki deliği tutmamış ve korteks ile çivi arasından geçmiştir. Bir olgu hariç tüm olgularda statik çivileme yapılmıştır. Olgular postoperatif dönemde klinik ve radyolojik olarak takip edilerek ekstremitelerini kullanma durumları ile kallus formasyonu izlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak interlocking çivileme sisteminin femur diafiz kırıklarında plaklara alternatif olarak kullanılabilecek gerekli stabiliteyi sağlayan bir alternatif olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
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