Brief AC electroshock caused significant elevations in plasma cortisol, glucose, osmolality, and chloride levels in rainbow trout within 15 min, but plasma protein was reduced at 3 h. Circulating granulocytes had declined by 15 min, but other haematological features remained unchanged. Thus, AC electrofishing would not be suitable for monitoring physiological conditions in trout if short delays are encountered before blood is sampled. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles