A Comparison of Psychometric Properties and Normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-Point Likert Scales

Leung, S. Alvin

doi:10.1080/01488376.2011.580697

Cited by 463 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The scale was adapted from the psychophysical 7-point thermal comfort scale [10][11]. We chose an 11-point scale because it was suggested to reduce skewness, minimize kurtosis, and be closest to normal [12].…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual limb skin temperature and thermal comfort in people with amputation during activity in a cold environment

Segal

Klute

2016

J Rehabil Res Dev

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Abstract-Thermal comfort remains a common problem for people with lower-limb amputation. Both donning a prosthesis and engaging in activity at room temperature can increase residual limb skin temperature; however, the effects of activity on skin temperature and comfort in more extreme environments remain unknown. We examined residual limb skin temperatures and perceived thermal comfort (PTC; 11-point Likert scale) of participants with unilateral transtibial amputation (n = 8) who were snowshoeing in a cold environment. Residual limb skin temperature increased by 3.9°C (3.0°C to 4.7°C) (mean difference [95% confidence interval], p < 0.001) after two 30 min exercise sessions separated by a 5 min rest session. Minimal cooling (0.2°C [-1.1°C to 0.6°C]) occurred during the rest period. Similar changes in PTC were found for the residual limb, intact limb, and whole body, with a mean scale increase of 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1) and 1.3 (0.8 to 1.8) for the first and second exercise sessions, respectively (p < 0.001). Activity in a cold environment caused similar increases in residual limb skin temperature as those found in studies conducted at room temperature. Participants with amputation perceived warming as their skin temperature increased during exercise followed by the perception of cooling during rest, despite minimal associated decreases in skin temperature.

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Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual limb skin temperature and thermal comfort in people with amputation during activity in a cold environment

Segal

Klute

2016

J Rehabil Res Dev

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“…One is that it appears less time-consuming to the participant. Another is that it may result in less effort and therefore less fatigue when participants are choosing each item (Leung, 2011), particularly when many words appear on the questionnaire as in the present case. A third reason is that participants may better understand the gradations of the scale when only five levels are present.…”

Section: ) the Imageability Of A Word Refers To How Easy Or Hard It Imentioning

confidence: 94%

Imageability and subjective frequency of the 500 rated nouns in the Croatian Lexical Database

Kraljević¹,

Olujić²

2018

suvlin

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Imageability and subjective frequency of the 500 rated nouns in the Croatian Lexical DatabaseProperties such as word class, length, phonological and morphological complexity, concreteness, frequency, age of acquisition, and imageability have to be controlled in research and clinical practice, since they strongly affect the speed and accuracy of language processing by monolinguals and bilinguals as well as by speakers with language disorders. The purpose of this paper is to present the online Croatian Lexical Database (Cro. Hrvatska leksi~ka baza [HLB], http://polin-hlb.erf.hr/) that contains different (psycho)linguistic word properties, and to use the HLB to provide the first analyses about (1) the relationship between frequency and imageability for the rated 500 nouns, and (2) the influence of raters' age, gender and education on their judgement. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between noun frequency and imageability, but no significant influence of the three non-linguistic rater factors on judgements about (psycho)linguistic property.

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“…Uma alternativa seria adotar a escala Likert de quatro pontos, porém, seria preciso analisar com mais cuidado suas vantagens e desvantagens, pois há autores que a defendem (Garland, 1991;Nadler;Weston;Voyles, 2015), enquanto outros indicam a possibilidade de gerar distorções (Worcester;Burns, 1975). Outra opção seria apostar em uma escala de 11 pontos, pois os resultados seriam mais próximos de uma curva normal (Leung, 2011).…”

Section: Conclusãounclassified

Inovação no setor público: uma instituição pública de ensino sob a ótica dos servidores e colaboradores

Dória

Sano

Lima

et al. 2017

RSP

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Inovação no setor público: uma instituição pública de ensino sob a ótica dos servidores e colaboradores 286Rev. Serv. Público Brasília 68 (2) 285-318 abr/jun 2017Innovación en el sector público: una institución pública de enseñanza desde la perspectiva de los servidores y empleadosEste estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la tendencia a la innovación en el ámbito administrativo de la rectoría de una institución de educación pública superior, basado en la percepción de sus servidores y empleados. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo a través del cuestionario desarrollado por el Centre for Public Sector Innovation -CPSI (2008) y adaptado a la realidad brasileña. Los resultados revelaron que el nivel de la tendencia a innovación en la unidad de reporte corresponde a 37,04 puntos e, por lo tanto, está clasificada como un sector "situacionalmente innovador", o sea, es posible verificar acciones y pensamientos innovadores en la institución. Sin embargo, debido a la media estar muy cerca del nivel anterior que clasifica a las organizaciones como tendientes a ser "perezosas", se encontró que la institución no está orientada a la innovación, que esta ocurre por casualidad, que ni todos los procedimientos tienen el propósito de estimular y promover la creatividad, y que no hay una cultura muy innovadora institucionalizada en toda la organización.Palabras clave: innovación, modelo de gestión, enseñanza superior, administración pública Innovation in the public sector: a public educational institution from the standpoint of its public servants and collaboratorsThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the tendency to innovation at the administrative level of the rectory of a public educational institution, based on the perception of its employees and collaborators. Data were collected through a questionnaire developed by the Center for Public Sector Innovation -CPSI (2008) and adapted to the Brazilian reality. The results were then averaged and followed by an arithmetic mean of 37.04, which classifies the institution as "situationally innovative". In this level, innovative actions and thoughts can be found in the institution. However, the result is very close to the previous level that classifies an organization as being "slothful" about innovation, and, thus, it has been found that this institution is not innovation-oriented, which happens at random, and it also means that their procedures are not aimed at stimulating and promoting creativity, nor do they have a highly institutionalized innovative culture.

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A Comparison of Psychometric Properties and Normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-Point Likert Scales

Cited by 463 publications

References 10 publications

Residual limb skin temperature and thermal comfort in people with amputation during activity in a cold environment

Residual limb skin temperature and thermal comfort in people with amputation during activity in a cold environment

Imageability and subjective frequency of the 500 rated nouns in the Croatian Lexical Database

Inovação no setor público: uma instituição pública de ensino sob a ótica dos servidores e colaboradores

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