A comparison of ketamine–midazolam and ketamine–medetomidine combinations for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits

Grint, Nicki; Murison, PJ

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00362.x

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In agreement with Cruz et al (1998), we also found that females recovered later after treatment with the ketamine/medetomidine combination than males, and with respect to different combinations, medetomidine was the drug that induced the longest period of anaesthesia in both sexes (Grint and Murison 2008). However, similar mean durations of anaesthesia with combinations of midazolam and medetomidine with ketamine at different doses have been reported in rabbits by Grint and Murison (2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Analyses of anaesthesia with ketamine combined with different sedatives in rats

Molina¹,

Moyano²,

Serrano-Rodríguez³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The goal of this study was to establish an easy-to-perform, reliable, and safe protocol for intraperitoneal injection anaesthesia in rats, as well as an easy method to assess anaesthesia depth under routine clinical conditions. Seventy Wistar rats (35 males and 35 females) were used to evaluate intraperitoneal anaesthesia with ketamine (75 mg/kg) combined with one of the following central nervous system depressors: acepromazine (2.5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.5 mg/kg), midazolam (5 mg/kg) and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg). Significant differences were found between the combinations in ataxia, recovery and righting parameters, as well as respiratory and heart rates and haemoglobin saturation by oxygen, whereas significant differences between sexes for the parameters of ataxia, hypnosis, recovery, righting and exploratory behaviour were observed upon waking. The best results for parameters such as induction, and maintenance and recovery from anaesthesia (more regular and stable) were observed with α 2 -agonists: ketamine/xylazine in males and ketamine/medetomidine in females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, similar mean durations of anaesthesia with combinations of midazolam and medetomidine with ketamine at different doses have been reported in rabbits by Grint and Murison (2008). These observations differ from our data in which midazolam did not induce anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Analyses of anaesthesia with ketamine combined with different sedatives in rats

Molina¹,

Moyano²,

Serrano-Rodríguez³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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“…The length of surgical anesthesia was evaluated by loss of withdrawal and ear-pinch reflexes [9] . The recovery was assessed by the existence of righting reflex (able to return sternal position by own after being placed on its back) [9,10] and excitement signs (apperance of vocalization, growling, thumping and convulsion). The heart and respiratory rate values were recorded with a veterinary vital signs monitor (Cardell, 9404, Sharn Veterinary Inc, USA) and stethoscope, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The onset of anesthesia, the length of surgical anesthesia and the recovery time were recorded. Body temperature, heart and respiratory rates were recorded at 0,5,10,15, 30, 45, 60 min. In XK group onset of action and length of surgical anesthesia were 5.81±0.19 min and 55.00±2.81 min, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi

Yanmaz¹,

Şenocak²,

DOĞAN³

et al. 2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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This study was aimed out to evaluate the effects of vitamin C premedication on xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups (Group XK and Group VCXK) that each had 3 males and 3 females. The animals in group XK were treated with 10 mg/kg Xylazine HCl and 50 mg/kg Ketamine HCl. The animals in group VCXK were pre-treated with 60 mg/kg Vitamin C prior to xylazine-ketamine combination. The onset of anesthesia, the length of surgical anesthesia and the recovery time were recorded. Body temperature, heart and respiratory rates were recorded at 0,5,10,15, 30, 45, 60 min. In XK group onset of action and length of surgical anesthesia were 5.81±0.19 min and 55.00±2.81 min, respectively. Premedication of rabbits with 60 mg/kg vitamin C resulted in significant decrease in the onset of action (3.93±0.13 min) and increase in the duration of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia (77.50±6.15 min). The body temperature change between treatment groups were significant at 30, 45 and 60 min. This study shows that vitamin C administration prior to xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in New Zealand white rabbits decreases the time for onset of action and prolonged the length of surgical anesthesia. Keywords: Xylazine, Ketamine, Anesthesia, Vitamin C, Recovery, New Zealand white rabbit Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi ÖzetBu çalışma, beyaz Yeni Zelanda tavşanlarında xylazine-ketamine anestezisi üzerine vitamin C premedikasyonunun etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladı. On-iki beyaz Yeni Zelenda tavşanı her grupta 3 erkek ve 3 dişi olacak şekilde iki gruba (Grup XK ve Grup VCXK) ayrıldı. Grup XK'daki hayvanlara 10 mg/kg Xylazine HCl ve 50 mg/kg Ketamin HCl uygulandı. Grup VCXK'daki hayvanlara Xylazine-Ketamine kombinasyonu öncesinde, 60 mg/kg Vitamin C verildi. Anestezi başlangıcı, cerrahi anestezi süresi ve uyanma zamanı kaydedildi. Vücut sıcaklığı, kalp frekansı ve solunum oranları 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 ve 60. dakikalarda

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“…Rabbits are commonly anaesthetised animals, however, their peri-anaesthetic mortality is considerably high (1 in 601) (Grint and Murison, 2008). They are generally regarded as animals in which the anaesthetic risk is relatively high comparing to other species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of two anaesthetic combinations in rabbits on some neutrophil functions in vitro

Wessely-Szponder¹,

Szponder²

2010

World Rabbit Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Tissue injury during surgery as well as anaesthesia can lead to modulation of neutrophil function. The aim of this study was to assess how two types of anaesthesia, i.e. combination of ketamine/midazolam/propofol (Group I) and ketamine/propofol (Group II) infl uenced neutrophil function during and 24 h after operation in rabbits. Blood samples were taken prior to anaesthesia, at 30 and 60 min, and 24 h after starting the experiment. At these time points, degranulation and free radical generation were assessed in both groups. After 30 min of anaesthesia, we observed a decrease in elastase release from 50.96±0.71% to 26.52±4.85% in Group I and from 51.00±0.7% to 41.00±5.48% in Group II, respectively. In subsequent measurements, the elastase level increased to values lower than before starting anaesthesia. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) release decreased signifi cantly after 30 min of anaesthesia in Group I, then increased to the value similar to the pre-anaesthetic level after 60 min. MPO level in Group II also decreased after 30 min but to a lesser degree, and then after 1 h MPO slightly exceeded the pre-anaesthetic level. In both groups, 24 h after the start anaesthesia the values obtained decreased, but remained at a level higher than at the time before anaesthesia. We observed a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels in both studied groups after 30 min of anaesthesia (from 24.77±5.9% to 15.7±2.1% and from 23.6±1.14% to 10.6±0.89%, in Groups I and II, respectively), with a subsequent increase after 60 min. In Group I, we observed a signifi cant (P<0.01) decrease in NO production 30 min after the start of anaesthesia. After increasing to the pre-anaesthetic level, the NO level was almost constant in both subsequent measurements. In Group II, NO level decreased 30 min after the onset of anaesthesia and then increased, reaching a slightly higher level than at the start of anaesthesia. The superoxide generation by neutrophils from rabbits of both groups decreased after 30 min of anaesthesia and then rose. Because the anaesthetic combinations used alter neutrophil function only transiently, both of them would be applied in surgery in rabbits without the risk of disturbance to the healing process.

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A comparison of ketamine–midazolam and ketamine–medetomidine combinations for induction of anaesthesia in rabbits

Cited by 65 publications

References 17 publications

Analyses of anaesthesia with ketamine combined with different sedatives in rats

Analyses of anaesthesia with ketamine combined with different sedatives in rats

Beyaz Yeni Zelanda Tavşanlarında Vitamin C Premedikasyonu Sonrasında Ksilazin-Ketamin Anestezisi

Comparison of the effects of two anaesthetic combinations in rabbits on some neutrophil functions in vitro

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