A comparison of hypochlorite and phenolic disinfectants for disinfection of clean and soiled surfaces and blood spillages

Bloomfield, Sally F.; Miller, Elise

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(89)90003-0

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…With two exceptions (14,25) , the other studies presented results favorable to the action of sodium hypochlorite to the proposed outcomes, either for inactivation or inhibition of microbial growth (13,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)21) , reduction of infection (20,(22)(23)(24) , microbial resistance (12) . Among the exceptions, one of them showed loss of efficiency in a situation of heavy dirtying with organic matter (14) . The other was effective for dry viruses, but not in the presence of rehydrated virus (25) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was equivalent to 2% quaternary ammonium (12) chlorhexidine (12) , formaldehyde (12) , ethanol (25) , NaOH (25) , peracetic acid (15) , hydrogen peroxide (16) , aldehydes (19) , and phenol in the presence of large amounts of organic matter (14) . And it was less than the hydrogen peroxide under dry steam (21) hydrogen peroxide (16) , chlorhexidine (18) , and chlorhexidine with cetrimide (18) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the tested microorganisms, most strains represented clinical isolates from patients or surfaces and equipment, being resistant to several antibiotics. The most tested microorganism was C. difficile (13,16,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) , followed by S. aureus, MRSA or not (12,(14)(15)19) , various species of Candida (17) and lipophilic viruses (25) , various Gram (18) , E. coli (14) and others (19) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies used interventions and tested the action of sodium hypochlorite. Regarding the type of intervention, they are divided between those which conducted tests only in laboratory (in vitro) (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and those which tested samples directly (in situ) in various environmental surfaces: floors, walls, equipment etc. (20)(21)(22)(23)(24) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in hospital environmental surfaces in the reduction of contamination and infection prevention: a systematic review

Pereira

Oliveira

Turrini

et al. 2015

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective:To search for evidence of the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite on environmental surfaces in reducing contamination and prevention of healthcareassociated infection HAIs. Method: Systematic review in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: We analyzed 14 studies, all controlled trials, published between 1989-2013. Most studies resulted in inhibition of microorganism growth. Some decreased infection, microorganism resistance and colonization, loss of efficiency in the presence of dirty and surface-dried viruses. Conclusion: The hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant, however, the issue of the direct relation with the reduction of HAIs remains. The absence of control for confounding variables in the analyzed studies made the metaanalysis performance inadequate. The evaluation of internal validity using CONSORT and TREND was not possible because its contents were not appropriate to laboratory and microbiological studies. As a result, there is an urgent need for developing specific protocol for evaluating such studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in hospital environmental surfaces in the reduction of contamination and infection prevention: a systematic review

Pereira

Oliveira

Turrini

et al. 2015

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For chlorine solution to be a good disinfectant it must meet the chlorine demand. The chlorine demand is the amount of free available chlorine, or (FAC)often called HOCl, hence its activity is more before a FAC residual is reached [54]. If the chlorine demand is not met complete disinfection may not be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Novel Surface Sterilization Method and Culture Media for the Isolation of Endophytic Actinomycetes from Medicinal Plants and its Antibacterial Activity

Waheeda¹,

Kv²

2017

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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Endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants were rarely reported as compared to those from soil and marine sources. The present results correlate the presence of endophytic actinomycetes in medicinal plants by isolating them from three medicinal plants i.e. Ocimum basillicum, Withania somnifera and Rauvolfia tetraphylla. In the present work surface sterilization method and media was standardized and 32 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from three medicinal plants. We assessed the efficiency of four different surface sterilization methods and four medium for isolation of endophytic actinomycetes. The method with calcium hypochlorite, sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium azide (New method) used was more effective in eliminating epiphytic microorganisms. Among four tested media starch casein agar (SCA) found to be best media for the isolation of endophytic actinomycetes. We succeeded in obtaining fast and luxurious growth of pure culture of endophytic actinomycetes on modified ISP-4 (M) (inorganic salt solution agar) in comparison with standard ISP-4(S). Preliminary antibacterial assay of all isolates were tested by confrontation test. The secondary screening of selected isolates were tested by disc diffusion test by using ethyl acetate extract which showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against test human pathogens. Based on the morphological and phenotypic characters 12 isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. Among 12 isolates A3 as a representative was characterized by SEM and identified by 16SrRNA analysis as Streptomyces flavoviridis A3WK, it showed significant antibacterial activity against test human pathogen. This is the first report of successful isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from the said medicinal plants, for using newly formulated surface sterilization method and new comparative study on ISP-4 medium.

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Types of Antimicrobial Agents

Moore¹,

Payne²

Russell, Hugo &Amp; Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation &Amp; Sterilization

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Introduction 2 Phenols 2.1 Sources of phenols -the coal-tar industry 2.2 Properties of phenolic fractions 2.3 Formulation of coal-tar disinfectants 2.4 The modern range of solubilized and emulsified phenolic disinfectants 2.4.1 Cresol and soap solution British Pharmacopoeia (BP) 1963 (Lysol) 2.4.2 Black fluids 2.4.3 White fluids 2.5 Non-coal-tar phenols 2.5.1 4-Tertiary octylphenol 2.5.2 2-Phenylphenol (2-phenylphenoxide) 2.5.3 4-Hexylresorcinol 2.6 Halo and nitrophenols 2.6.1 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2.6.2 Pentachlorophenol (2-phenylphenoxide) 2.6.3 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (chlorocresol) 2.6.4 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (chloroxylenol; para-chloro-metaxylenol; PCMX) 2.6.5 2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (dichloroxylenol; dichloro-meta-xylenol; DCMX) 2.6.6 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (para-chlorometa-cresol; PCMC) 2.6.7 Monochloro-2-phenylphenol 2.6.8 2-Benzyl-4-chlorophenol (chlorphen; ortho-benzyl-para-chlorophenol; OBPCP) 2.6.9 Mixed chlorinated xylenols 2.6.10 Other halophenols 2.6.11 Nitrophenols 2.6.12 Formulated disinfectants containing chlorophenols 2.6.13 Phenol 2.7 Pine disinfectants 2.8Theory of solubilized systems 2.9The bisphenols 2.9.1 Derivatives of dihydroxydiphenylmethane 2.9.2 Derivatives of hydroxydiphenylether 2.9.3 Derivatives of diphenylsulphide 3 Organic and inorganic acids: esters and salts 3.1

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A comparison of hypochlorite and phenolic disinfectants for disinfection of clean and soiled surfaces and blood spillages

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in hospital environmental surfaces in the reduction of contamination and infection prevention: a systematic review

Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite in hospital environmental surfaces in the reduction of contamination and infection prevention: a systematic review

Formulation of Novel Surface Sterilization Method and Culture Media for the Isolation of Endophytic Actinomycetes from Medicinal Plants and its Antibacterial Activity

Types of Antimicrobial Agents

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