A Comparison of Computerized and Standard Versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Feldstein, Simeon N.; Keller, Frederick Ralph; Portman, R.; Durham, Robert L.; Klebe, Kelli J.; Davis, Hasker P.

doi:10.1076/clin.13.3.303.1744

Cited by 74 publications

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“…Some previous studies reported that computerized versions of traditional neuropsychological tests are not equivalent to traditional manual tests. For example, Feldstein et al (1999) reported that computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting test were not similar to the manual version. In addition, according to Smith et al (2013), CANTAB subtests measuring executive function, speed of processing, visual memory, and working memory correlate only modestly with traditional subtests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal consistency and stability of the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery in children.

Syväoja¹,

Tammelin²,

Ahonen³

et al. 2015

Psychological Assessment

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The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is a computer-assessed test battery widely use in different populations. The internal consistency and 1-year stability of CANTAB tests were examined in school-age children. Two hundred-thirty children (57% girls) from five schools in the Jyväskylä school district in Finland participated in the study in spring 2011. The children completed the following CANTAB tests: (a) visual memory (pattern recognition memory [PRM] and spatial recognition memory [SRM]), (b) executive function (spatial span [SSP], Stockings of Cambridge [SOC], and intra-extra dimensional set shift [IED]), and (c) attention (reaction time [RTI] and rapid visual information processing [RVP]). Seventy-four children participated in the follow-up measurements (64% girls) in spring 2012. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was used to estimate the internal consistency of the nonhampering test, and structural equation models were applied to examine the stability of these tests. The reliability and the stability could not be determined for IED or SSP because of the nature of these tests. The internal consistency was acceptable only in the RTI task. The 1-year stability was moderate-to-good for the PRM, RTI, and RVP. The SSP and IED showed a moderate correlation between the two measurement points. The SRM and the SOC tasks were not reliable or stable measures in this study population. For research purposes, we recommend using structural equation modeling to improve reliability. The results suggest that the reliability and the stability of computer-based test batteries should be confirmed in the target population before using them for clinical or research purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal consistency and stability of the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery in children.

Syväoja¹,

Tammelin²,

Ahonen³

et al. 2015

Psychological Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies in the literature have already analyzed the manual version of the test (Chelune & Baer, 1986;Heaton et al 1993;Rosselli & Ardila 1993;Heaton et al, 2005), and fewer analyzed the computerized version (Artioli i Fortuny & Heaton, 1996;Feldstein et al 1999;Shu et al, 2000). This is the first study to analyze the computerized version of the WCST in Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, the literature emphasizes that, in addition to the specific norms for each population, the norms for the different versions of the tests (either manual or computerized) are also relevant as several studies comparing the two versions are controversial, i.e., some authors found them equivalent (Hellman, Green, Kern & Christenson, 1992;Artiola i Fortuny & Heaton, 1996;Feldstein et al, 1999) and others did not (Tien et al, 1996;Shu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artiola, Fortuny and Heaton (1996) tested both versions in a group of adults (n = 119) and reported that both computerized and manual versions did not differ in regard to any of the measures except trials to complete the first category. However, Feldstein et al (1999) compared the performance of a sample in the manual version and in the four computerized versions, showing that none of the computerized versions was found to be equivalent to the manual version on all assessment measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses are automatically analyzed by the software, resulting in correction time and reduction in common errors risk (Artiola i Fortuny & Heaton, 1996;Tien et al, 1996;Feldstein et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a Brazilian sample on the computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Coelho

Rosário

Mastrorosa

et al. 2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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The computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is based on the same normative data developed previously for the manual version. However, equivalence of the measures of both versions is controversial. This study investigated the performance of a Brazilian student sample with subjects aged 6-15 years in the computerized version of the WCST. As a result of the analyses, the study pointed out that type of school (public or private) was significant in almost all measures and also that age and gender effects were similar to those previously described in the manual version. These results showed that the computerized WCST may not be free of cultural and socioeconomic influences and that the validation and standardization of this version is warranted.

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Central coherence and set‐shifting between nonunderweight eating disorders and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Keegan

Tchanturia

Wade

2020

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared previously documented inefficiencies in central coherence and set‐shifting between people with nonunderweight eating disorders (bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder) and people with anorexia nervosa. Method We performed random‐effects meta‐analyses on 16 studies (1,112 participants) for central coherence and 38 studies (3,505 participants) for set‐shifting. Random effects meta‐regressions were used to test whether the effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders were significantly different from the effect sizes for people with anorexia nervosa. Results People with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.53, 95% CIs: −0.80, −0.27, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.70, 95% CIs: −1.14, −0.25, p = .002), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer central coherence than healthy controls. Similarly, people with anorexia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.38, 95% CIs: −0.50, −0.26, p < .001) and bulimia nervosa (Hedge's g = −0.55, 95% CIs: −0.81, −0.29, p < .001), but not binge‐eating disorder, had significantly poorer set‐shifting than healthy controls. The effect sizes for people with nonunderweight eating disorders did not significantly differ from those for people with anorexia nervosa. Discussion Our meta‐analysis was underpowered to make definitive judgments about people with binge‐eating disorder. However, we found that people with bulimia nervosa clearly have central coherence and set‐shifting inefficiencies which do not significantly differ from those observed in people with anorexia nervosa. Clinically, this suggests that people with bulimia nervosa might benefit from adjunctive approaches to address these inefficiencies, such as cognitive remediation therapy.

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A Comparison of Computerized and Standard Versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Internal consistency and stability of the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery in children.

Internal consistency and stability of the CANTAB neuropsychological test battery in children.

Performance of a Brazilian sample on the computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Central coherence and set‐shifting between nonunderweight eating disorders and anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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