A Comparative Study on the V_S30 and N₃₀ Based Seismic Site Classification in Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Abstract

Assessment of seismic site classification (SSC) using either the average shear wave velocity (VS30) or the average SPT-N values (N30) for upper 30 m in soils is the simplest method to carry out various studies including site response and soil-structure interactions. Either the VS30- or the N30-based SSC maps designed according to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) classification system are effectively used to predict possible locations for future seismic events. The main goal of this study is to generate maps using the Geographic Information System (GIS) for the SSC in Kahramanmaras city, influenced by both East Anatolian Fault and Dead Sea Fault Zones, using both VS30 and N30 values. The study also presents a series of GIS maps produced using the shear wave velocity (VS) and SPT-N values at the depths of 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, and 25 m. Furthermore, the study estimates the bed rock level and generates the SSC maps for the average VS values through overburden soils by using the NEHRP system. The VS30 maps categorize the study area mainly under class C and limited number of areas under classes B and D, whereas the N30 maps classify the study area mainly under class D. Both maps indicate that the soil classes in the study area are different to a high extent. Eventually, the GIS maps complied for the purpose of urban development may be utilized effectively by engineers in the field.

Site effects exacerbate the building damages from Mw7.8 Turkey Earthquake, 2023

“…The oldest rocks in the area are Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, composed of limestone, shale, and sandstone (Husing et al 2009). The center of the city's northern, eastern, and western boundaries lies on alluvium while a small portion of the southern boundary lies on dolomite (Naji et al 2020). Located in the transition zone between Ahir Mt in the north and Maras plain in the south, Kahramanmaras city serves as the capital of Kahramanmaras province, and has been signi cantly impacted by the earthquake.…”

Zeminlerin geoteknik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde coğrafi bilgi sistemi yaklaşımı: Kayseri Oymaağaç örneği

“…Zeminlerin sıvılaşma risk haritalarının CBS ile çıkarılmasına yönelik çalışmalar son yıllarda artmaktadır [8][9][10]. Das vd., yaşanan büyük depremlerden dolayı sıvılaşma gözlemlenen Agartala (Hindistan)'da Standart Penetrasyon Test (SPT) yapılan 97 sondaj noktasından alınan verilerle sıvılaşma potansiyeli araştırılmıştır.…”

“…Naji vd., çalışmalarında, ortalama kayma dalgası hızı veya ortalama SPT-N değerleri kullanılarak, sismik saha sınıflandırılması, saha tepkisi ve zemin yapısını gösteren haritalar üretilmiştir. Bu haritalar gelecekteki deprem ve sıvılaşma gibi sismik olaylar için olası konumları tahmin etmek için etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilecektir [10]. Bir başka çalışmada, esas olarak Suudi Arabistan Krallığı'ndaki Cidde Şehri için SPT ile ilişkili 214 sondaj deliğinden elde edilen veriler kullanılmış ve sıvılaşma potansiyeli haritaları geliştirilerek, bölgenin sıvılaşma değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır [11].…”

“…Bunun yanında, acil durumlarda risk yönetimi için bir araç olarak da kullanılabilecektir. 10.17341/gazimmfd.946963 Anahtar Kelimeler: Kayseri, zemin özellikleri, CBS, SPT, Vs Geographic information system approach in evaluating the geotechnical properties of soils: A case study of Oymaağaç in Kayseri…”

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) to Estimate the Shear Wave Velocity for Engineering Characterization of Soils at Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia

“…Several studies have used integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigations to characterize its suitability of the near-surface materials for road, building constructions, and foundation [10][11][12][13]. On this regards, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) are widely used to measure the shear wave velocity (Vs) of near-surface materials as these methods are reliable, noninvasive, and low-cost procedures in engineering applications to identify potentially unsuitable geological conditions, determine small-strain stiffness of soil and rock, foundation instability analysis, and know site classes [14][15][16].…”