A comparative study of the population genetics of wild and cultivated populations of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers

Abstract

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is one of the original plants used to make the traditional medicine Paridis Rhizoma. Wild individuals have been excessively collected in recent decades, and thus, it has become increasingly endangered. Cultivation is a major method for the conservation and sustainable utilization of its wild resources. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used in the genetic analysis of 15 wild and 17 cultivated populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. This study revealed that cultivated populations possessed higher genetic diversity than wild ones at the species level (H = 0.2636 vs. 0.2616, respectively). However, most of the genetic variation was found within populations for both of these groups (ΦST = 18.83% vs. 19.39%). In the dendrogram produced using UPGMA, the 32 populations were divided into three groups (I, II, and III). In group II, both wild and cultivated populations were included, but remained in distinct clusters within this group, which showed the significant separation between the cultivated and wild populations. Furthermore, wild populations were also clustered into three subgroups (W‐I, W‐II, and W‐III), with an obvious geographic structure. In contrast, although cultivated populations were similarly placed in three subgroups (C‐I, C‐II, and C‐III), the latter two of these were not separated based on geography. Finally, the wild populations in Guizhou, China (W‐I), possessed higher genetic diversity than those in Yunnan (W‐II and W‐III). As P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis is an endangered medicinal plant, the fact that it showed richer genetic diversity in its wild populations in Guizhou means that these should be regarded as priority areas for protection and used for provenance selection. Moreover, cultivated populations also showed high genetic variation, which might be attributed to them having originated from mixed provenances, indicating that screening for superior provenances should be carried out as soon as possible.

Molecular markers for analysis of plant genetic diversity

“…In order to detect genetic diversity, AFLPs were obviously good in terms of the success rates they achieved and the polymorphism detection (Song et al, 2015). Thus, AFLP markers are still practical markers to use when evaluating the genetic diversity and population structure of plants (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis genotype classification and fluorescence visual identification

“…According to Li Heng's classification system, PPY belongs to section Euthyra Franch. of the subgenus Daiswa (Rafinesque‐Schmaltz) H.Li, which is mainly distributed in Southwest China (Huang et al., 2019; Li, 1998; Luo et al., 2017). Due to the low natural propagation rate and over years‐long production cycle and long‐time plunder, the wild PPY resource has been on the verge of exhaustion (Duan et al., 2018).…”

Complete genome sequence analysis of a novel bunyavirus isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis

“…Wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis have been endangered as a result of excessive collection and utilization in recent years [4]. The application of arti cial planting as a means to meet the market demand and to preserve wild P. polyphylla var.…”