A comparative study of the crystallinity of polyetheretherketone by using density, DSC, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy techniques

Doumeng, Marie; Makhlouf, L.; Berthet, Florentin; Marsan, Olivier; Delbé, Karl; Denape, Jean; Chabert, France

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106878

Cited by 190 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Consequently, the resulting mismatch was significantly lower. The discrepancy in crystallinity values from DSC and XRD values is also reported in the literature [ 59 ]. The intercalation of GNP between the polymer matrix is indicated by the separation of α 1 and α 2 peaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection

Dericiler

Sadeghi

Yağcı³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear rates by thermokinetic mixing. The flow direction of graphene was monitored by the developed numerical methodology with a combination of its rheological behaviors. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) produced from waste-tire by upcycling and recycling techniques having high oxygen surface functional groups were used to increase the compatibility with PA66 chains. This study revealed that GNP addition increased the crystallization temperature of nanocomposites since it acted as both a nucleating and reinforcing agent. Tensile strength and modulus of PA66 nanocomposites were improved at 30% and 42%, respectively, by the addition of 0.3 wt% GNP. Flexural strength and modulus were reached at 20% and 43%, respectively. In addition, the flow model, which simulates the injection molding process of PA66 resin with different GNP loadings considering the rheological behavior and alignment characteristics of GNP, served as a tool to describe the mechanical performance of these developed GNP based nanocomposites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection

Dericiler

Sadeghi

Yağcı³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…This leads to the crystallization of the polymer before they melt. Thus, the measured enthalpy of fusion is high compared to other samples 29 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…α (monoclinic), β (hexagonal), γ (orthorhombic), and δ (smectic) are the crystalline forms of isotactic PP. The formation of different crystalline structures depends on the nature of the filler, the processing conditions, the temperature, and the cooling rate 29,30 . Figure 3 displays the X‐ray diffractograms of PP nanocomposites, peaks at 14.2° (110), 17.04° (040), 18.69° (130), and 21.3° (111) are the characteristic peaks of the alpha phase of isotactic PP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial tuning and designer morphologies of microporous membranes based on polypropylene/natural rubber nanocomposites

Bicy

Rouxel

Ponçot

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Microporous polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite membranes are in great demand in various fields such as energy harvesting, water purification, and other industrial applications. Thin films of PP/natural rubber (NR) blend nanocomposite have been prepared by melt mixing and the membranes are made porous by extracting the NR phase from the blend. The present study gives a better insight into the nanoparticle shape and localization‐tailored porous morphology of PP membrane. Thermodynamic prediction of nanofiller localization and its impact on morphology were studied. 2D clay platelets in PP matrix tune the morphology of the porous membrane into lamellar, whereas spherical nanofillers give elongated spherical pores. The localization of nanoparticles was observed using transmission electron microscope, which is also confirmed from theoretical prediction of localization of nanofillers with the help of interfacial energy and surface tension. Thermal studies reveal that nanofillers enhance the thermal stability of polymers. Mechanical studies reveal that nanoparticles improve the mechanical properties of the system. 2D platelet shaped‐nanofillers enhance the mechanical strength of the polymer up to 39%, which is higher than that obtained for 3D spherical nanofillers. Nanofiller shape and localization have a great influence in deciding the properties and porosity of the membrane.

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“…However, this value seems to be relative to the whole sample, whereas when we reported it based on the PEEK phase only, the degree of crystallinity is 24%. Moreover, the link with our results obtained by DSC is not possible as attested by the work done by Doumeng [23] on the comparison of DSC, density, and other techniques to evaluate the crystalline rate of PEEK. Surprisingly, Malik [8] has reported that PEEK/PES blends containing less than 40 wt % of PEEK are fully amorphous, and beyond this concentration, PEEK can crystallize in the blends, as measured by DSC.…”

Section: Crystallization Of Blendsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Poly(etheretherketone)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blends with Phenolphthalein: Miscibility, Thermomechanical Properties, Crystallization and Morphology

et al. 2021

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/polyethersulfone (PES) blends are initially not miscible, except when the blends are prepared by solvent mixing. We propose a route to elaborate PEEK/PES blends with partial miscibility by melt mixing at 375 °C with phenolphthalein. The miscibility of blends has been examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA). When adding phenolphthalein to PEEK/PES blends, the glass transitions are shifted inward as an indication of miscibility. We suggest that phenolphthalein acts as a compatibilizer by creating cardo side groups on PEEK and PES chains by nucleophilic substitution in the melted state, although this condensation reaction was reported only in the solvent until now. In addition, phenolphthalein acts as a plasticizer for PES by decreasing its glass transition. As a consequence, the PEEK phase is softened which favors the crystallization as the increase of crystalline rate. Due to aromatic moieties in phenolphthalein, the storage modulus of blends in the glassy region is kept identical to pure PEEK. The morphological analysis by SEM pictures displays nano- to microsized PES spherical domains in the PEEK matrix with improved PEEK/PES interfacial adhesion.

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A comparative study of the crystallinity of polyetheretherketone by using density, DSC, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy techniques

Cited by 190 publications

References 34 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection

Interfacial tuning and designer morphologies of microporous membranes based on polypropylene/natural rubber nanocomposites

Poly(etheretherketone)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blends with Phenolphthalein: Miscibility, Thermomechanical Properties, Crystallization and Morphology

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