Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection

Abstract

Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear rates by thermokinetic mixing. The flow direction of graphene was monitored by the developed numerical methodology with a combination of its rheological behaviors. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) produced from waste-tire by upcycling and recycling techniques having high oxygen surface functional groups were used to increase the compatibility with PA66 chains. This study revealed that GNP addition increased the crystallization temperature of nanocomposites since it acted as both a nucleating and reinforcing agent. Tensile strength and modulus of PA66 nanocomposites were improved at 30% and 42%, respectively, by the addition of 0.3 wt% GNP. Flexural strength and modulus were reached at 20% and 43%, respectively. In addition, the flow model, which simulates the injection molding process of PA66 resin with different GNP loadings considering the rheological behavior and alignment characteristics of GNP, served as a tool to describe the mechanical performance of these developed GNP based nanocomposites.

Interfacial engineered design of upcycled graphene and hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene compounds as an injection grade for overmoulding process with bio-based prepregs

“…6.d). Since the GNP has the main role in increasing the crystallinity during the injection process due to its nucleating agent effect [42] together with compatibilizing and reinforcing effect, the maximum tensile and exural properties were attained for the compounds of 40 T-HF + MAPP + GNP + homoPP. In addition, there is no obvious effect of MAPP and GNP on the exural strain of 40 T-HF + homoPP as seen in Figure S4.…”

Low‐velocity impact response of halloysite nanotube reinforced glass/epoxy multi‐scale composite. Part 1: Dynamic loading performance

“…In recent years, nano‐scale reinforcements have become essential to enhance the fiber–matrix interface. [ 15 ] The reinforcements such as carbon nanotube (CNT), [ 16,17 ] SiO 2 , [ 18 ] nanoclay, [ 19,20 ] graphene, [ 21–23 ] CaCO 3 , [ 24 ] and Al 2 O 3 [ 25 ] represented enhancements on the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties of composite materials. On the other hand, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are abundant nano particles with tubular 1D structure, large aspect ratio, natural existence, prosperous functionality, good biocompatibility, and high mechanical properties.…”

High-Strength GO/PA66 Nanocomposite Fibers via In Situ Precipitation and Polymerization

“…However, with the rapid development of science and technology, the original PA66 can no longer meet the requirements of contemporary applications, especially in the fields that require high mechanical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In order to meet the demands of new applications, high-performance PA66 composites with different kinds of carbon-based fillers, such as carbon fibers, nanodiamonds, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes have attracted considerable attention [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. As one of the most important two-dimensional carbon materials, graphene has unique mechanical properties, and its Young’s modulus and tensile strength reach 1 TPa and 130 GPa, respectively [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”