A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Immediate Versus Delayed Photobiomodulation Therapy in Reducing the Severity of Postoperative Inflammatory Complications

Abstract

Immediate PBM therapy is more effective than delayed PBM therapy in minimizing the complications associated with mandibular third molar removal surgery.

Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: A Review

“…In all these studies, the third molar was the extracted tooth except in one study conducted on premolar's extraction sockets. 23 PBM effectively reduced post extraction pain as shown in 16 studies 5,6,13,[15][16][17][18][19][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] compared with placebo. In these studies, wavelengths ranged from 650 to 980 nm.…”

“…5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][24][25][26][28][29][30][31]33,34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Among these studies, 10 articles represented significant decrease in facial swelling after PBM application (wavelength: 660-910 nm; power: 4-500 mW; energy density: 2-480 J/cm 2 ) compared with placebo. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]31,[41][42][43] Twenty studies assessed the impact of PBM on postoperative trismus. 5,13,14,16,17,19,[24][25][26][28][29][30][31]33,34,…”

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]31,[41][42][43] Twenty studies assessed the impact of PBM on postoperative trismus. 5,13,14,16,17,19,[24][25][26][28][29][30][31]33,34,[37][38][39]42,43 The wavelengths between 660 and 980 nm with power between 4 and 300 mW and 4-106 J/cm 2 energy density were reported as significant in reducing postoperative trismus in comparison with placebo. 13,14,16,19,31,42,43 In general, extraoral irradiation offered better results, especially for edema.…”

“…11,12 A number of studies have demonstrated that PBM has an impact on the management of pain and swelling. 5,[13][14][15][16][17][18] Ferrante reported that PBM is useful for pain reduction after impacted third molar surgery. 19 In an animal study, it has been shown that PBM could reduce pain intensity, inflammation, and immunological reactions; while in human studies some factors including the type of disease, surgery, and laserrelated variables influence the outcome of PBM.…”

Clinical evaluation of single and repeated sessions of photobiomodulation with two different therapeutic wavelengths for reducing postoperative sequelae after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized, double-blind clinical study

“…However, since the medical agents used to provide a solution for postoperative problems have potential side effects, clinicians turned their attention to photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy (PBMT), considered to have no side effects. [1][2][3] Currently, PBM is defined as "the mechanism through which nonionizing optical radiation in the visible and nearinfrared spectral range is absorbed by endogenous chromophores to elicit photo-physical and photochemical events at various biological scales without eliciting thermal damage". 4 Accordingly, the term PBM is recently used to enlarge the effect of biostimulation not only to low-level lasers but also to all nonionizing light sources in the visible and near-infrared spectrum including lasers, light-emitting diodes, and broadband light and the term PBMT is defined as photon therapy based on the principle of PBM.…”