A Comparative Accuracy of Regularized and Tension Spline Methods to Estimate and Model the Surface Water pH of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah

Kamaruddin, Sharir Aizat; Nasir, Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad; Rahim, Nur Syafiqah; Shuhaime, Norlin; Hashim, Mohd Akmal; Khazali, Ahmad Suhail; Aziz, Khairul Naim Abd; Roslani, Muhammad Akmal

doi:10.24191/sl.v15i2.13834

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the interpolation method used is Spline with barriers. The Spline algorithm is an accurate interpolation that passes through every surface data point (Hofierka et al, 2002), and in several studies obtained low root mean square error values in interpolating water quality data (North and Livingstone, 2013; Kamaruddin et al, 2021;Jaffar et al, 2022). These barriers aim to process data interpolation only in the study area (Lake Sentani).…”

Section: In-situ Data Spatial Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assessment and Mapping of Water Quality in Lake Sentani (Indonesia) Using In-Situ Data and Satellite Imagery

Tanjung,

Indrayani,

Hamuna

et al. 2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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This study aims to examine the water quality of Lake Sentani using both in-situ data and satellite remote sensing data. In-situ data was taken in July 2023 at 18 sampling sites, including temperature, DO, pH, TDS, and water transparency. In-situ data is also used to develop and validate algorithms for estimating water quality from satellite remote sensing data. Multi-temporal Landsat-8 satellite imagery was used to spatially and temporally map the surface water quality of Lake Sentani. In-situ data showed temperature, DO, pH, TDS, and water transparency ranging from 29.3°C to 31.8°C, 1.7 mg/L to 7.9 mg/L, 7.75 to 8.64, 23 mg/L to 46 mg/L, and 2.28 m to 2.94 m, respectively. Only water transparency does not meet the quality standards for water quality (class 1 and class 2), while the other parameters meet class 1 to class 3 quality standards for surface water samples. The accuracy of the algorithm used and the resulting one has a low Mean Absolute Error value, namely 0.81 (temperature), 0.37 (DO), 4.84 (TDS), and 0.12 (water transparency). The temperature and TDS concentrations from the satellite imagery data ranged from 28.110°C to 33.918°C, and 7.829 mg/L to 102.702 mg/L, respectively. Both of these parameters still meet water quality standards. The DO concentrations ranged from 2.228 mg/L to 12.562 mg/L, and water transparency ranged from 0.424 m to 3.151 m. The concentration of DO and water transparency do not meet quality standards in several parts of Lake Sentani, especially in November and August.

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Section: In-situ Data Spatial Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Assessment and Mapping of Water Quality in Lake Sentani (Indonesia) Using In-Situ Data and Satellite Imagery

Tanjung,

Indrayani,

Hamuna

et al. 2023

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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“…Spatial interpolation has become a tool for predicting unknown values from unknown locations in the study area using known values (Kamaruddin et al, 2021). The technique has several advantages such as high accuracy, being low cost, and being able to save time for sampling activities (Kamaruddin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sea surface pH can be predicted using many tools or modelling techniques for a sustainable approach toward healthy coastal and estuarine ecosystems (Kamaruddin et al, 2021). However, in the coastal area and mangrove ecosystem, modelling pH can be difficult as many factors could contribute to the fluctuation of pH readings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of the Coastal Water pH of Pulau Tuba Using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Method

Kamaruddin

Aziz

Roslani

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the precision of the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) to estimate and map the coastal water pH for the sustainability of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah. 30 sampling points have been set up during two sampling activities in November 2018. The pH meter has been calibrated and lowered to 1 meter below the water surface to measure the reading of pH. The development of the spatial model was developed using the spatial analyst tool available in ArcGIS Software. Several types of statistical analyses were carried to compare the observed and predicted value of pHs such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and error analysis. Accuracy assessment was carried later after the transformation of a spatial model into a surface map. The research found that the IDW method successfully interpolated the pH readings. The research found that there is a strong positive correlation between the observed and predicted values. For error analysis, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were recorded at 0.033 and 0.044, respectively. After the transformation of the spatial model to the surface map, the accuracy of the map is recorded at 81.25%. The map produced can be used by residents and local government for social and economic development and protection of biodiversity at the coastal water of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah.

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Evaluation of the Performance of Spline Interpolation Method in Mapping and Estimating the Total Suspended Solids over the Coastal Water of Pulau Tuba, Kedah

Kamaruddin

Hashim

Zainol

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the spline interpolation method in predicting and mapping the concentration of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the surface water of Pulau Tuba, Kedah. Thirty sampling points were set up and geolocated using the Geographic Positioning System (GPS). Gravimetric analyses were used to determine the TSS level. Fifty percent of the total sampling points were randomly chosen for developing spatial models using regularised and tension spline methods. The research found that the tension spline methods outperform the regularised spline method. The Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Error Percentage (MAPE) were reported at 351.641, 18.752, 15.81, and 21.51%, respectively. This study’s findings are critical in the domains of spatial statistics and interpolation for creating a precise map of water properties.

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A Comparative Accuracy of Regularized and Tension Spline Methods to Estimate and Model the Surface Water pH of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Kedah

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Spatial Assessment and Mapping of Water Quality in Lake Sentani (Indonesia) Using In-Situ Data and Satellite Imagery

Spatial Assessment and Mapping of Water Quality in Lake Sentani (Indonesia) Using In-Situ Data and Satellite Imagery

Sustainable Management of the Coastal Water pH of Pulau Tuba Using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Method

Evaluation of the Performance of Spline Interpolation Method in Mapping and Estimating the Total Suspended Solids over the Coastal Water of Pulau Tuba, Kedah

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