A Clinicopathological study of uterine cervical lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

Pap test is a simple yet effective screening method to detect cervical cancer in its early stage, and thus it helps to reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer. A total of 430 cases were studied after taking ethical clearance. The cytological diagnoses were made by Cytopathologist using Bethesda 2014 system for categorization of cervical smears. Cytological results were correlated with clinical features and histopathological results wherever biopsy was available. The total of the 430 cases studied 24 (5.58%) were inadequate to report, excluding these, of the total 406 cases 260 (64.04%) cases were symptomatic, and 146 (35.96%) were asymptomatic. Cytologic diagnoses were NILM –normal- 140 (55.23%)with a mean age of 38.48 years, NILM- inflammatory 128 (47.76%) with a mean age of 35.96 years, ASC-US 36 (8.86%) with a mean age of 36.69 years, ASC-H 18 (4.43%) with a mean age of 45 years, LSIL 42 (10.34%) with a mean age of 41.90, HSIL 22 (5.42%) with a mean age of 51.22 years, and invasive cancer 20 (4.92%) with a mean age of 61.8 years. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of Pap test were 89.79%, 95.34%, and 95.65%, 89.13% and 83.33% respectively. Pap smear test is a simple, rapid, economical, still practical screening test to detect cervical intraepithelial lesions and cancer.

Circulating platelets and malaria severity: two sides of the same coin among inhabitants of a tropical savannah region, Nigeria

“…An increase or decrease in platelet production owing to malaria-related thrombocytopenia may occur due to different mechanisms of red blood cell destruction, which most of the time include peripheral destruction, bone marrow alterations, excessive removal of platelets by the spleen, platelet consumption by the process of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and pseudo-thrombocytopenia owing to clumping of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (Punnath et al, 2019;Dos-Santos et al, 2020;Gebreweld et al, 2021). The pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to platelet homeostasis are more predominant than other blood cell abnormalities because during malaria disease progression, the following activities may ensue, viz; destruction of platelets by IgG antibodies, release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by hemolyzed and parasitized RBCs, dysmegakaryopoiesis, direct lytic effect of the parasite on the platelets, platelet phagocytosis, platelet adhesion to erythrocytes, and oxidative stress (Gupta et al, 2019;Kumbhar et al, 2019). With the administration of appropriate ACTs to malaria patients, thrombocytopenia seems to improve within 7 days of therapy (Muwonge et al, 2013).…”