A Case of O1 Vibrio Cholera Bacteremia and Primary Peritonitis in a Patient With Liver Cirrhosis

Issa, Hussain; Shorman, Mahmoud; Bseiso, Bahaa; Al-Salem, Ahmed H.

doi:10.4021/gr2009.12.1331

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Previous studies in Bepanda, Douala (Cameroon) have reported the absence of V. cholerae O1 in environmental samples [18, 19] which is contrary to our findings. However, similar patterns of low prevalence of V. cholerae O1 in environmental samples comparable to what was found in this study have been reported in Haiti [20–22]. The pathogen has been found to thrive best in saline environments but can also survive in low saline environment provided the environment is warm and has adequate organic nutrient [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

et al. 2019

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BackgroundCholera has been endemic in Ghana since its detection in 1970. It has been shown that long-term survival of the bacteria may be attained in aquatic environments. Consequently, cholera outbreaks may be triggered predominantly in densely populated urban areas. We investigated clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Accra to determine their virulence genes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and environmental factors maintaining their persistence in the environment.MethodsWater samples from various sources were analyzed for the presence of V. cholerae O1 using culture methods. Forty clinical isolates from a previous cholera outbreak were included in the study for comparison. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacteria were determined by disc diffusion. Virulence genes were identified by analyzing genes for ctx, tcpA (tcpAEl Tor tcpACl), zot, ompW, rbfO1 and attRS using PCR. Physicochemical characteristics of water were investigated using standard methods. One-way ANOVA and student t - test were employed to analyze the relationship between physicochemical factors and the occurrence of V. cholerae O1.ResultsEleven V. cholerae O1 strains were successfully isolated from streams, storage tanks and wells during the study period. All isolates were resistant to one or more of the eight antibiotics used. Multidrug resistance was observed in over 97% of the isolates. All isolates had genes for at least one virulence factor. Vibrio cholerae toxin gene was detected in 82.4% of the isolates. Approximately 81.8% of the isolates were positive for tcpAEl Tor gene, but also harbored the tcpAcl gene. Isolates were grouped into thirteen genotypes based on the genes analyzed. High temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids and conductivity was found to significantly correlate positively with isolation of V. cholerae O1. V. cholerae serotype Ogawa biotype El tor is the main biotype circulating in Ghana with the emergence of a hybrid strain.ConclusionsMultidrug resistant V. cholerae O1 with different genotypes and pathogenicity are present in water sources and co-exist with non O1/O139 in the study area.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3714-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

et al. 2019

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“…Although these non-O1 strains lack epidemic or pandemic potential, some isolates have been reported to possess cholera toxin ( ctx ) gene and other virulence genes [25] present in O1 serogroup. Although we did not further investigate the non-O1 isolates for virulence determinants, their presence in our study area should be considered of public health importance and should not be ignored particularly as they have occasionally been isolated from cases of cholera-like diarrhoea [26] and from a variety of extra intestinal infections [27]. In samples where the pathogen was not recovered, it could that either the prevailing environmental conditions in their niche were unfavorable for growth of V. cholerae or the source was regularly disinfected (wells and taps).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-drug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 is persistent in water sources in New Bell-Douala, Cameroon

2013

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BackgroundCholera has been endemic in Douala, since 1971 when it was first recorded in Cameroon. Outbreaks have often started in slum areas of the city including New Bell. Despite the devastating nature of outbreaks, always resulting in high mortality and morbidity, a paucity of information exists on the reservoirs of the causative agent, V. cholerae, and factors maintaining its persistence. This has complicated disease prevention, resulting in frequent outbreaks of cholera. We investigated water sources in New Bell for contamination with V. cholerae O1 with pathogenic potential, to highlight their role in disease transmission. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates and the environmental factors maintaining its persistence were investigated.MethodWater samples from various sources (taps, dug wells, streams) were analyzed for contamination with V. cholerae O1 using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion method. Pathogenic potential of isolates was determined by analyzing for genes for cholera toxin (ctx), toxin co-regulated pilus (tcpA), and zonula occludens toxin (zot) by PCR. Physico-chemical characteristics of water (pH, temperature and salinity) were investigated using standard methods. The Spearman’s Rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship between physico-chemical factors and the occurrence of V. cholerae O1. Differences were considered significant at P≤0.05.ResultsTwenty-five V. cholerae O1 strains were isolated from stream and well samples in both dry and rainy seasons. Twenty-three (92%) isolates were multidrug resistant. All isolates had genes for at least one virulence factor. Cholera toxin gene was detected in 7 isolates. Of the 15 isolates positive for tcpA gene, two had Classical type tcpA while 13 had tcpA El Tor. All tcpA Classical positive isolates were positive for ctx gene. Isolates were grouped into nine genotypes based on the genes analyzed. pH and salinity significantly correlated with isolation of V. cholerae O1.ConclusionMultidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 with pathogenic potential is present in some wells and streams in study area. pH and salinity are among the factors maintaining the persistence of the organism. Findings indicate an urgent need for potable water supply in study area and in addition, regular disinfection of water from contaminated sources to prevent outbreak of cholera.

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“…Immunocompromised status and prematurity have also been addressed as risk factors. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In our case, the patient had leukemia, chemotherapy, damaged mucosal barriers and associated infection with E. coli as predisposing factors. The patient did not have any history of travel or any episode of diarrhea prior to current admission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The limited reported cases of invasive disease caused by V. cholerae O1 are summarized in Table 1. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Pathogenic mechanisms causing invasion in V. cholerae infections are not well recognized. Possible reasons could be pre-existing disruption of mucosal barrier, achlorhydria, simultaneous infection with an invasive pathogen, translocation of viable V. cholerae via M cells and hemolysin production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae O1 (serovar inaba) as a cause of fatal bacteremia in a patient with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Thakkar

Tulpule²,

Shah³

et al. 2022

IJMR

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A Case of O1 Vibrio Cholera Bacteremia and Primary Peritonitis in a Patient With Liver Cirrhosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

Multi-drug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 is persistent in water sources in New Bell-Douala, Cameroon

Vibrio cholerae O1 (serovar inaba) as a cause of fatal bacteremia in a patient with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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