Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

Abana, David; Gyamfi, Elizabeth; Dogbe, Magdalene; Opoku, Grace; Opare, David; Boateng, Gifty; Mosi, Lydia

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3714-z

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there were few 2014 outbreak genotypes that persisted in 2015 signifying the inefficiency of the control measures put in place or existence of an unknown environmental reservoir. This data agrees with findings of Eibech et al [34] and Abana et al [50], which suggested a potential reservoir in the environment. Interestingly, the clustering pattern by MLVA was very different from the clonal distribution derived from the presence/absence of specific virulent factors (Figs 3 and 4).…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

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A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Asare¹,

Otchere²,

Akyeh³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Cholera remains a major global public health threat and continuous emergence of new Vibrio cholerae strains is of major concern. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to detect virulence markers and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. cholerae isolates obtained from the 2012-2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana. Archived clinical isolates obtained from the 2012, 2014 and 2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana were revived by culture and subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification, serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, molecular detection of distinct virulence factors and Multi-Locus Variable-Number of Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Of 277 isolates analysed, 168 (60.6%) were confirmed to be V. cholerae and 109 (39.4%) isolates constituted other bacteria (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococci faecalis). Serotyping the V. cholerae isolates identified 151 (89.9%) as Ogawa, 3 (1.8%) as Inaba and 14 (8.3%) as non-O1/O139 serogroup. The O1 serogroup isolates (154/168, 91.7%) carried the cholera toxin ctxB gene as detected by PCR. Additional virulence genes detected include zot, tcpA, ace, rtxC, toxR, rtxA, tcpP, hlyA and tagA. The most common and rare virulence factors detected among the isolates were rtxC (165 isolates) and tcpP (50 isolates) respectively. All isolates from 2014 and 2015 were multidrug resistant against the selected antibiotics. MLVA differentiated the isolates into 2 large unique clones A and B, with each predominating in a particular year. Spatial analysis showed clustering of most isolates at Ablekuma sub-district. Identification of several virulence genes among the two different genotypes of V. cholerae isolates and resistance to first-and second-line antibiotics, calls for scaleup of preventive strategies to reduce transmission, and strengthening of public health laboratories for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide accurate treatment.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…[ 34 ] and Abana et al . [ 50 ], which suggested a potential reservoir in the environment. Interestingly, the clustering pattern by MLVA was very different from the clonal distribution derived from the presence/absence of specific virulent factors (Figs 3 and 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Asare¹,

Otchere²,

Akyeh³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…Similar trends have also been reported from other studies in Ghana (Abana et al, 2019) and Nepal (Shrestha et al, 2015). Similarly nalidixic acid showed 100% resistance to both clinical and environmental isolates in Kathamandu city in Nepal (Greenland et al, 2016) and South America (Abana et al, 2019). Resistance patterns of antibiotics in V. cholerae are known due to rapidly fluctuation in nature, which unstably carry plasmids that confer resistance and the absence of selective pressure from antibiotics which naturally resides in the organisms in the aquatic environment to the organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Dissemination of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from Odisha, India

Nayak

Behera

et al. 2021

Environ Microbiol Rep

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The present study reported the antimicrobial susceptibility trends, virulence genes, and drug resistance genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from outbreaks and epidemics over two and half decades from Odisha, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Virulence and drug resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays. All V. cholerae O1 strains were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while resistant to one or more antibiotics used. About 90% of the isolates of V. cholerae O1 carried antibiotic drug resistant genes (SulII, dfrA1 and strB) and SXT elements and the results correlated with the phenotypic antibiotic data obtained through disc diffusion assay. The tcpA Haitian variant V. cholerae O1 first appeared in 1999, gradually showing its increasing number upto 2019. TcpA El Tor strains only prevailed from 1995 to 2006; whereas the tcpA classical strains of V.choleraeO1 were found in less number from 1995 to 2016. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and virulence genes (toxR, ompU, ace, rtxC, ctxA, tcpA, rfbO1 and ompW) in all isolate of V. cholerae O1 strains. The present findings demonstrated the origin and spread of Haitian variants tcpA in V. cholerae O1 strains over two and half decades.

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“…Therefore, many bacterial virulence factors (VFs) are easily spread in bacterial populations by horizontal gene transfer, converting mutualistic or commensal bacteria into potential opportunistic pathogens. Several examples of virulent (and highly virulent) and multiresistant disseminated clones have already been reported throughout the literature (8–10; for a review, see reference 11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Gene Diversity and Virulence Gene Diversity Are Correlated in Human Gut and Environmental Microbiomes

Escudeiro

Pothier

Dionísio

et al. 2019

mSphere

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Human beings have used large amounts of antibiotics, not only in medical contexts but also, for example, as growth factors in agriculture and livestock, resulting in the contamination of the environment. Even when pathogenic bacteria are the targets of antibiotics, hundreds of nonpathogenic bacterial species are affected as well. Therefore, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria have gradually become resistant to antibiotics. We tested whether there is still cooccurrence of resistance and virulence determinants. We performed a comparative study of environmental and human gut metagenomes from different individuals and from distinct human populations across the world. We found a great diversity of antibiotic resistance determinants (AR diversity [ARd]) and virulence factors (VF diversity [VFd]) in metagenomes. Importantly there is a correlation between ARd and VFd, even after correcting for protein family richness. In the human gut, there are less ARd and VFd than in more diversified environments, and yet correlations between the ARd and VFd are stronger. They can vary from very high in Malawi, where antibiotic consumption is unattended, to nonexistent in the uncontacted Amerindian population. We conclude that there is cooccurrence of resistance and virulence determinants in human gut microbiomes, suggesting a possible coselective mechanism. IMPORTANCE Every year, thousands of tons of antibiotics are used, not only in human and animal health but also as growth promoters in livestock. Consequently, during the last 75 years, antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been selected in human and environmental microbial communities. This implies that, even when pathogenic bacteria are the targets of antibiotics, hundreds of nonpathogenic bacterial species are also affected. Here, we performed a comparative study of environmental and human gut microbial communities issuing from different individuals and from distinct human populations across the world. We found that antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity are correlated and speculate that, by selecting for resistant bacteria, we may be selecting for more virulent strains as a side effect of antimicrobial therapy.

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Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

A molecular and epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in southern Ghana

Dissemination of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from Odisha, India

Antibiotic Resistance Gene Diversity and Virulence Gene Diversity Are Correlated in Human Gut and Environmental Microbiomes

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