Bioassay guided isolation from the leaves of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. resulted in the isolation and characterization of three compounds of alkaloid in nature namely, Curan-17-oic acid (F1); 18, 19-Secoyohimban (F2) and Reserpiline (F3). Macrofilaricidal activity of three compounds was tested against bovine filarial parasite Setaria cervi using in vitro assays and supported by in silico docking analysis on glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme of Wuchereria bancrofti. All the molecules inhibited GST enzyme to some extent 35.78%, 78.22% and 64.21% respectively. Results were supported by molecular docking studies, which showed docking scores for compound F1 (-5.14), compound F2 (-7.19) and compound F3 (-7.2) on GST enzyme. Thus, in conclusion the in vitro and in silico studies indicated that isolated compounds are promising, inexpensive and widely available natural leads, which can be designed and developed into the macrofilaricidal drugs.
The present study reported the antimicrobial susceptibility trends, virulence genes, and drug resistance genes of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from outbreaks and epidemics over two and half decades from Odisha, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Virulence and drug resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR assays. All V. cholerae O1 strains were sensitive to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin while resistant to one or more antibiotics used. About 90% of the isolates of V. cholerae O1 carried antibiotic drug resistant genes (SulII, dfrA1 and strB) and SXT elements and the results correlated with the phenotypic antibiotic data obtained through disc diffusion assay. The tcpA Haitian variant V. cholerae O1 first appeared in 1999, gradually showing its increasing number upto 2019. TcpA El Tor strains only prevailed from 1995 to 2006; whereas the tcpA classical strains of V.choleraeO1 were found in less number from 1995 to 2016. Two multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and virulence genes (toxR, ompU, ace, rtxC, ctxA, tcpA, rfbO1 and ompW) in all isolate of V. cholerae O1 strains. The present findings demonstrated the origin and spread of Haitian variants tcpA in V. cholerae O1 strains over two and half decades.
Study was conducted to ascertain medicinal potential of leaf and bark and the role of time period in collection of medicinal plant Terminalia bellerica on its cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. Terminalia bellerica, leaf and bark were collected in the months of February, May, August and October. Solvent extracts namely hexane, dichloromethyl, chloroform, acetone and methanol were tested for cytotoxicity against brine shrimps at four doses 25, 50, 100 and 200µl/ml. All the extracts barring few showed dose dependent activity and marked differences were observed in different seasons. Thin layered chromatography based 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for assessing the antioxidant potential was conducted using three different solvents, Maximum number of antioxidant bands were obtained in non polar basic solvent that is Benzene: ethanol: ammonium hydroxide (90:10:1) (BEA). Quantitative radical scavenging assay was also conducted and methanol extract of leaf was found to show significant result to the tune of 100 percent at higher dose of 1250microgram/ml. The best season for the collection of medicinal plant was found to be from May to July on the basis of cytotoxic as well as antioxidant activities.
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