A case of D-lactic acid encephalopathy associated with use of probiotics

Munakata, Satoru; Arakawa, Chuichi; Kohira, Ryutaro; Fujita, Yukihiko; Fuchigami, Tatsuo; Mugishima, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.024

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…D -Lactic acidosis: (3) D -Lactic acidosis was reported in a five-year-old girl with SBS receiving Lactomin ( L. acidophilus , L. bulgaricus , Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium ) suspected to be caused by L. acidophilus , which improved after discontinuation of the probiotics [80]. (4) Ku et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Probiotics in Short Bowel Syndrome in Infants and Children—A Systematic Review

2013

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Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in children. Probiotics, due to their beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., improving gut barrier function, motility, facilitation of intestinal adaptation and decreasing pathogen load and inflammation) may have a therapeutic role in the management of SBS. To conduct a systematic review of the current evidence for the effects of probiotic supplementation in children with SBS, the standard Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews was used. The databases, Pubmed, Embase, ACTR, CENTRAL, and the international trial registry, and reference lists of articles were searched for randomised (RCT) or quasi-randomised controlled trials reporting on the use of probiotics in SBS. Our search revealed no RCTs on the use of probiotics in children with SBS. We found one small cross-over RCT (placebo controlled crossover clinical trial), one case control study and nine case reports on the use of probiotics in children with SBS. In the crossover RCT, there was no consistent effect on intestinal permeability (primary outcome) after supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) in nine children with SBS. The case control study (four cases: four controls) reported a trend for increase in height and weight velocity and improvement in non-clinical outcomes, such as gut flora, lymphocyte count and serum prealbumin. Five of the nine case reports showed that children (n = 12) with SBS were benefited (e.g., cessation of diarrhoea, improved faecal flora, weight gain and weaning from parenteral nutrition) by probiotic supplementation. The remaining four reported on the adverse effects, such as Lactobacillus sepsis (n = 3) and D-lactic acidosis (n = 2). There is insufficient evidence on the effects of probiotics in children with SBS. The safety and efficacy of probiotic supplementation in this high-risk cohort needs to be evaluated in large definitive trials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Probiotics in Short Bowel Syndrome in Infants and Children—A Systematic Review

2013

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“…Some species of Lactobacillus are D-lactate producers 68,69 and high-dose beta-glucan (found in oats and barley) can increase intestinal permeability. 70 In a single case report, a man with recurrent D-lactic acidosis due to short bowel syndrome, who had grown unresponsive to antibiotics and dietary restriction, was rescued from repeated neurotoxicity by a combination of Bifidobacterium breve Yakult and Lactobacillus casei Shirota as probiotics and galacto-oligosaccharide as a prebiotic.…”

Section: D-lactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome and the Brain

Galland

2014

Journal of Medicinal Food

534

390

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“…A surge in fecal D-lactate producing bacteria is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (Sheedy et al, 2009). While some probiotics reduce generation of D-lactic acid by gut microbiota, others increase this bacterial metabolite and may exacerbate cognitive disorders (Mack, 2004;Munakata et al, 2010).…”

Section: Potential Mechanism Microbiota Alterations Lead To Asd and Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Disturbances and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2015

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are considered a heterogenous set of neurobehavioral diseases, with the rates of diagnosis dramatically increasing in the past few decades. As genetics alone does not explain the underlying cause in many cases, attention has turned to environmental factors as potential etiological agents. Gastrointestinal disorders are a common comorbidity in ASD patients. It was thus hypothesized that a gut-brain link may account for some autistic cases. With the characterization of the human microbiome, this concept has been expanded to include the microbiota-gut-brain axis. There are mounting reports in animal models and human epidemiologic studies linking disruptive alterations in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis and ASD symptomology. In this review, we will explore the current evidence that gut dysbiosis in animal models and ASD patients correlates with disease risk and severity. The studies to date have surveyed how gut microbiome changes may affect these neurobehavioral disorders. However, we harbor other microbiomes in the body that might impact brain function. We will consider microbial colonies residing in the oral cavity, vagina, and the most recently discovered one in the placenta. Based on the premise that gut microbiota alterations may be causative agents in ASD, several therapeutic options have been tested, such as diet modulations, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, and activated charcoal. The potential benefits of these therapies will be considered. Finally, the possible mechanisms by which changes in the gut bacterial communities may result in ASD and related neurobehavioral disorders will be examined.

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A case of D-lactic acid encephalopathy associated with use of probiotics

Cited by 66 publications

References 10 publications

Role of Probiotics in Short Bowel Syndrome in Infants and Children—A Systematic Review

Role of Probiotics in Short Bowel Syndrome in Infants and Children—A Systematic Review

The Gut Microbiome and the Brain

Microbiome Disturbances and Autism Spectrum Disorders

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