A case of coxo-femoral subluxation in a Welsh pony

Davison, P. P.

doi:10.1136/vr.80.14.441

Cited by 10 publications

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“…Haakenstad (1953) described hip dysplasia with secondary osteoarthritis in the Norwegian breeds. Similar malformations have been described in a Standardbred (Jogi and Norberg, 1962) and in a Welsh pony (Davison, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Coxofemoral Luxation complicated by Upward Fixation of the Patella in the Pony

Bennett

Campbell

Rawlinson

1977

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SUMMARY Two cases of coxofemoral luxation complicated by upward fixation of the patella are described in the pony. Clinical signs included outward rotation of the stifle and foot and inward rotation of the hock with the stifle and hock joints fixed in extension. One case was treated by performing a medial patellar desmotomy with a resultant significant improvement in locomotion. Other cases of hip luxation reported in the literature, some complicated by upward patellar fixation, are reviewed. Hip luxation is principally seen in ponies and it is suggested that upward fixation of the patella occurring in some of these cases is a result of rotation of the limb produced by dislocation of the hip, which alters the normal anatomy and mechanics of the femoro‐patellar joint and/or interferes with the normal leverage of the rectus femoris muscle. RÉSUMÉ On décrit chez le poney deux cas de luxation coxo fémorale compliquée par l'accrochement de la rotule. Les signes cliniques comportaient une rotation vers l'extérieur du grasset et du pied, une rotation vers l'intérieur du jarret, avec fixation du grasset et du jarret en extension. L'un des cas fut traité par la desmotomie rotulienne médiale (ou interne) ce qui apporte une importante amélioration fonctionnelle. D'autres cas de luxation coxo fémorale avec complication par accrochement de la rotule, tels qu'ils figurent dans la bibliographie sont passés en revue. La luxation coxo fémorale est connue surtout chez le poney. On pense que l'accrochement de la rotule est un phénomène secondaire résultant de la rotation du membre accompagnant le déplacement de la tête fémorale, ainsi se trouve perturbé le fonctionnement fémoro‐rotulien normal et probablement le fonctionnement du groupe “triceps crural”. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Zwei Fälle von Hüftgelenksluxationen, die durch eine Fixation der Patella nach oben kompliziert waren, sind beim Pony beobachtet worden. Klinisch fiel eine Rotation nach aussen im Kniegelenk und Huf auf und eine Rotation nach innen im Sprunggelenk, wobei Knie‐ und Sprunggelenk in Extension fixiert waren. Ein Fall wurde durch die Desmotomie des medialen Kniegelenksbandes behandelt. Damit konnte eine deutliche Verbesserung des Gangs erreicht werden. Andere Fälle von Hüftgelenksluxationen, zum Teil mit einer Patellarfixation nach oben, werden in der Literatur beschrieben und hier verarbeitet. Hüftgelenksluxationen treten vor allem bei Ponies auf. Es wird angenommen, dass die Fixation der Patella ein Resultat der daraus entstehenden Gliedmassenrotation sei, die die normale Anatomie und Mechanik im Femoropatellargelenk und/oder die normale Funktion des m. rectus femoris beeinträchtige.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Coxofemoral Luxation complicated by Upward Fixation of the Patella in the Pony

Bennett

Campbell

Rawlinson

1977

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…To the authors' knowledge, only four such occurrences have been reported; all diagnosed with ventrodorsal radiographic projections. [5][6][7][8] In an American Miniature horse with radiographic evidence of subluxation, tearing of the ligament of the head of the femur was found during coxofemoral arthroscropy. 7 In contrast, coxofemoral luxation has been more commonly reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Coxofemoral Subluxation in Horses

Brenner

Whitcomb

2009

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The clinical and ultrasonographic features of seven horses with coxofemoral subluxation are presented. Affected horses included five adult geldings (11-20 years), one large pony (6 years) and a 3-month-old filly. All were lame at the walk except for the pony with grade 3/5 lameness. Lameness was acute in all horses, but three horses progressed after initial improvement. Crepitus, muscle atrophy, and pelvic asymmetry were inconsistent findings. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of subluxation required dynamic visualization of femoral head displacement from the acetabulum while placing weight on the affected limb and subsequent replacement into its normal position upon limb resting. Acetabular rim fractures and joint effusion were visible regardless of weight bearing status in six horses each. No fractures were identified in the pony; the only patient with a good outcome. Six horses had a poor outcome with severe chronic lameness, four of which were euthanized. Postmortem ventrodorsal radiographs obtained in two horses confirmed subluxation only on extended limb projections, but not on hip-flexed projections. Acetabular rim fractures were not visible radiographically in either horse but were confirmed at necropsy. Subluxation was due to an elongated but intact ligament of the head of the femur in both horses. Osteoarthrosis was evident ultrasonographically, radiographically, and at necropsy. Dynamic ultrasonography was readily performed in the standing horse and produced diagnostic images with a low frequency curvilinear transducer. The apparent poor prognosis for horses with subluxation and acetabular fracture illustrate the importance of this imaging technique to identify affected horses.

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“…Early reports have described degenerative arthritis of the coxofemoral joints, which eventually resulted in luxation as an inheritable condition in Norwegian Dole horses (Jogi and Norberg 1962; Speirs and Wrigley 1979). In young horses, there are 2 reports of unilateral degenerative coxofemoral arthritis and subluxation (Jogi and Norberg 1962; Davison 1967). More recently, there have been 2 reports of bilateral coxofemoral joint disease in foals leading to subluxation and complete luxation of the femoral head (Speirs and Wrigley 1979; Trent and Krook 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total hip arthroplasty in the horse: Overview, technical considerations and case report

Huggons¹,

Andrea

Grant³

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A total hip arthroplasty was performed in a small equine patient with a history of traumatic subluxation of the coxofemoral joint during infancy resulting in severe degenerative changes to the femoral head and acetabulum. The transtrochanteric surgical approach used to expose the joint, as well as the technique and technology to replace the joint, is described. The patient was weightbearing within 24 h of surgery and walking successfully without sling support 4 days post operatively. On the fifth post operative day, the patient abruptly deteriorated and succumbed to multiple pulmonary thromboemboli and a jejunal infarction. Despite the systemic complications in this case, the initial short‐term success of this treatment option indicate its potential to be considered in the management of equine coxofemoral joint disease/lesions.

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A case of coxo-femoral subluxation in a Welsh pony

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Coxofemoral Luxation complicated by Upward Fixation of the Patella in the Pony

Coxofemoral Luxation complicated by Upward Fixation of the Patella in the Pony

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Coxofemoral Subluxation in Horses

Total hip arthroplasty in the horse: Overview, technical considerations and case report

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