A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (FAB M2) with Inversion 16 Who Presented with Pelvic Myeloid Sarcoma

Abstract

Acute leukemias are the most common childhood cancer in all age groups. Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) constitute about 15–20% of acute leukemias. Fatigability, pallor, fever, and bleeding are the most common presenting symptoms of AML. Hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy are commonly encountered during physical examination. In rare instances eruptions due to skin involvement and localized tumor masses (myeloid sarcoma) may be found. Myeloid sarcoma is especially seen in AML-M2 subtype. By cytogenetic analysis, in AML-M2 subtype t(8;21) is often seen and it is more probable to find inversion 16 in AML-M4Eos subtype. Herein, we present a 15-year-old girl whose initial symptom was abdominal pain for three days and her pathological sign was a large abdominal mass which was verified by imaging studies and diagnosed as myeloid sarcoma by biopsy. On bone marrow examination, she had diagnosis of AML-M2 and by cytogenetic analysis inversion 16 was positive. She was treated with AML-BFM 2004 protocol and she is being followed up in remission on her ninth month of the maintenance therapy.

Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a palpable breast lump in a 13-year-old female as a relapse of AML

“…5 GS is relatively more common in patients with AML with prominent monocytic differentiation, mainly myelomonocytic (AML-M4 according to the French-American-British-FAB classification) and monocytic (AML-M5) leukaemia. However, as per Mustafa Cakan et al, 1 GS may accompany AML M2 more commonly than other subgroups. Our patient was a diagnosed case of AML-M2.…”

“…Granulocytic sarcoma, also known as myeloid sarcoma or chloroma is defined as a tumoral mass which is formed by immature myeloid cells in the extramedullary area. 1 They are uncommon extramedullary tumours composed of malignant myeloid precursor cells and are mainly associated with AML. They are seen in 1-5% of AML cases.…”

Myeloid sarcoma: an uncommon presentation of myeloid neoplasms; a case series of 4 rare cases reported in a tertiary care institute

“…13 MS is comparatively more common in patients with AML with a predominant monocytic differentiation, namely myelomonocytic (French-American-British-FAB classification -M4) and monocytic (AML-M5) leukemia. However, according to Çakan et al, 14 MS may be associated with AML M2 more frequently than other subgroups. Our patient was a diagnosed case of AML-M2.…”